Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Effectiveness of Tai Chi on Blood Pressure, Stress, Fatigue, and Sleep Quality among Chinese Women with Episodic Migraine: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Table 2

Changes in blood pressure, stress, fatigue, and sleep quality from baseline to 12 weeks and 24 weeks.


Outcome^a	ITT		Per-protocol^c
Outcome^a	Intervention (n = 40)	Control (n = 33)	P^b	Intervention	Control	P^b

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
12 weeks	117.6 (17.2)	114.3 (13.2)	0.368	117.6 (16.9)	114.5 (13.8)	0.426
24 weeks	112.5 (15.6)	112.9 (12.8)	0.915	113.0 (14.5)	113.0 (12.9)	0.986
Mean change from baseline to 12 weeks	−5.7 (−9.1 to −2.3)^∗∗	−2.5 (−5.6 to 0.5)	0.828	−6.6 (−10.6 to −2.6)^∗∗	−2.6 (−5.8 to 0.6)	0.398
Mean change from baseline to 24 weeks	−10.8 (−14.3 to −7.4)^∗∗	−4.0 (−7.3 to −0.7)^∗	0.020	−11.2 (−15.2 to −7.3)^∗∗	−3.4 (−7.5 to 0.7)	0.079

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
12 weeks	74.7 (10.2)	70.1 (9.1)	0.049	74.1 (9.8)	70.3 (9.5)	0.124
24 weeks	71.9 (10.7)	68.0 (10.1)	0.120	72.3 (10.2)	68.3 (10.7)	0.169
Mean change from baseline to 12 weeks	−2.1 (−4.7 to 0.5)	−1.7 (−4.3 to 1.0)	0.517	−3.0 (−5.5 to −0.5)^∗	−1.5 (−4.2 to 1.3)	0.887
Mean change from baseline to 24 weeks	−4.9 (−7.2 to −2.5)^∗∗	−3.7 (−6.5 to −0.9)^∗	0.721	−4.8 (−7.4 to −2.3)^∗∗	−2.5 (−6.2 to 1.6)	0.733

Stress
12 weeks	23.5 (6.3)	25.4 (8.1)	0.280	23.2 (5.8)	24.7 (7.9)	0.376
24 weeks	23.1 (7.4)	24.2 (8.1)	0.541	22.5 (6.9)	23.7 (7.0)	0.549
Mean change from baseline to 12 weeks	−1.6 (−3.1 to 0.0)	0.9 (−1.0 to 2.8)	0.085	−1.7 (−3.5 to 0.1)	0.2 (−1.4 to 1.9)	0.068
Mean change from baseline to 24 weeks	−2.0 (−3.7 to −0.2)^∗	−0.2 (−2.8 to 2.3)	0.223	−2.4 (−4.4 to −0.4)^∗	−1.6 (−4.4 to 1.2)	0.411

Fatigue
12 weeks	5.4 (2.0)	5.7 (2.1)	0.542	5.2 (2.0)	5.7 (2.1)	0.355
24 weeks	4.6 (2.3)	5.4 (2.1)	0.433	4.2 (2.0)	5.6 (2.1)	0.021
Mean change from baseline to 12 weeks	−0.3 (−0.9 to 0.3)	−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.4)	0.989	−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.4)	−0.3 (−1.1 to 0.4)	0.867
Mean change from baseline to 24 weeks	−1.2 (−1.9 to −0.4)^∗∗	−0.7 (−1.4 to 0.0)	0.560	−1.3 (−2.1 to −0.4)^∗∗	−0.6 (−1.4 to 0.3)	0.301

Sleep quality
12 weeks	7.1 (3.6)	7.8 (3.8)	0.455	6.8 (3.7)	7.4 (3.4)	0.476
24 weeks	6.9 (3.2)	7.5 (3.6)	0.433	6.8 (3.3)	7.5 (3.0)	0.470
Mean change from baseline to 12 weeks	−1.4 (−2.3 to −0.5)^∗∗	−0.1 (−1.2 to 1.1)	0.097	−1.9 (−2.8 to −0.9)^∗∗	−0.2 (−1.4 to 1.0)	0.046
Mean change from baseline to 24 weeks	−1.7 (−2.7 to −0.7)^∗∗	−0.4 (−1.5 to 0.8)	0.220	−1.8 (−2.9 to −0.7)^∗∗	−0.7 (−1.7 to 0.3)	0.133

^aValues are presented as mean (SD) for 12-week and 24-week measurements; mean (95% CI) for mean change from the baseline. ^bP values generated from the independent t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test were appropriate. ANCOVA was used to compare the difference in mean changes between groups, and variables with significant differences between groups at the baseline were adjusted as covariates. ^cPer-protocol at 12 weeks: intervention (n = 33), control (n = 30); at 24 weeks: intervention (n = 33), control (n = 23). generated from within-group comparison by the paired t-test were appropriate. generated from within-group comparison by the paired t-test were appropriate.