Sweet Wormwood and Tortoise Shell Decoction (Thanh Hao Miet Giap Thang) Induces DNA Damage, S-Phase Arrest, and Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via ATR-CHK1 Signaling Pathway
Table 1
Cell cycle analysis of MCF-7 cells exposed to 3 mg/ml THMGT for 3, 6, and 9 hours.
Phase
Proportion of cell population (%) determined at different time points
3 h
6 h
9 h
Nontreated
THMGT
Nontreated
THMGT
Nontreated
THMGT
sub-G1
1.0 ± 0.1
1.2 ± 0.5
0.6 ± 0.6
2.3 ± 3.0
1.5 ± 1.0
50.8 ± 8.8
G1
38.7 ± 3.4
40.3 ± 3.7
47.9 ± 6.1
39.9 ± 3.0
45.1 ± 4.9
20.4 ± 2.1
S
17.3 ± 0.6
23.1 ± 2.8
15.5 ± 1.9
19.4 ± 0.6
16.7 ± 4.0
11.5 ± 4.3
G2/M
33.7 ± 3.2
30.3 ± 2.8
27.4 ± 5.4
30.7 ± 2.9
29.6 ± 4.1
11.4 ± 4.1
Statistical analyses were performed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. ; . Data are shown as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.
