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Pathway | Name | Description |
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hsa05167 | Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection | It is the most recently identified human tumor virus and is associated with the pathogenesis of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD). |
hsa04380 | Osteoclast differentiation | Osteoclastogenesis is mainly regulated by signaling pathways activated by rank and immune receptors, whose ligands are expressed on the surface of osteoblasts. Signaling from rank changes gene expression patterns through transcription factors like NFATc1 and characterizes the active osteoclast. |
hsa05418 | Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis | Sustained laminar flow with high shear stress upregulates expressions of endothelial cell (EC) genes and proteins that are protective against atherosclerosis. |
hsa04657 | IL-17 signaling pathway | The interleukin 17 (IL-17) family, a subset of cytokines consisting of IL-17A-F, plays crucial roles in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses. |
hsa04660 | T-Cell receptor signaling pathway | Activation of T lymphocytes is a key event for an efficient response of the immune system. It requires the involvement of the T-cell receptor (TCR) as well as costimulatory molecules such as CD28. |
hsa04080 | Neuroactive ligand receptor interaction | — |
hsa05140 | Leishmaniasis | Successful infection of Leishmania is achieved by alteration of signaling events in the host cell, leading to enhanced production of the autoinhibitory molecules like TGF-beta and decreased induction of cytokines such as IL12 for protective immunity. |
hsa05162 | Measles | The P, V, and C proteins act as virulence factors to suppress innate immune response in host by inhibiting signaling for both type I IFN induction and JAK/STAT-mediated interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction. |
hsa05163 | Human cytomegalovirus infection | HCMV gB could activate the PDGFRA, and induce activation of the oncogenic PI3–K/AKT pathway. |
hsa05235 | PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer | Upregulation of PD-L1 is caused by activation of pro-survival pathways MAPK and PI3K/Akt as well as transcriptional factors HIF-1, STAT3, and NF-kappa B. |
hsa05161 | Hepatitis B | After entry into hepatocytes, HBV RC-DNA is transported to the nucleus and converted into a covalently closed circular molecule cccDNA. |
hsa04933 | AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications | AGE/RAGE signaling elicits activation of multiple intracellular signal pathways involving NADPH oxidase, protein kinase C, and MAPKs, then resulting in NF-kappaB activity. |
hsa04659 | Th17 cell differentiation | Interleukin (IL)-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells serve as a subset of CD4+ T cells involved in epithelial cell and neutrophil-mediated immune responses against extracellular microbes and in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. |
hsa04668 | TNF signaling pathway | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a critical cytokine, can induce a wide range of intracellular signal pathways including apoptosis and cell survival as well as inflammation and immunity. |
hsa05145 | Toxoplasmosis | During early infection, nuclear translocation of NFkB is temporally blocked and p38 MAPK phosphorylation is prevented, suppressing IL-12 production. Another pathway for IL-12 induction occurs through CCR5 dependent pathway, but parasitic induction of an eicosanoid LXA4 contributes to the downregulation of IL-12. |
hsa04722 | Neurotrophin signaling pathway | The neurotrophin family consists of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin 4 (NT-4). |
hsa05135 | Yersinia infection | Through inactivation of small GTPases by YopT protease, YopE GTPase-activating protein, and YpkA/YopO sequestration of GDP-bound small GTPases, Yersinia prevents its uptake by phagocytic cells and disrupts the actin cytoskeleton. |
hsa04926 | Relaxin signaling pathway | It belongs to the so-called relaxin peptide family which includes the insulin-like peptides INSL3 and INSL5, and relaxin-3 (H3) as well as relaxin. |
hsa04917 | Prolactin signaling pathway | PRL mediates its action through PRLR, a transmembrane protein of the hematopoietin cytokine receptor superfamily. |
hsa04210 | Apoptosis | Poptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). |
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