Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores and Diabetes Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Table 1

General characteristics of study participants.

	Cases (n = 185)	Controls (n = 185)		Dietary inflammatory index quartiles
				1 (n = 91) <−0.93	2 (n = 90) (−0.93) − (−0.09)	3 (n = 92) (−0.09) − (1.07)	4 (n = 91) 1.07<
Age (years)	50.4 ± 8.2	50.7 ± 7.3	0.9^a	50.9 ± 7.6	49.3 ± 8.4	52.5 ± 6.7	50.8 ± 8.1	0.05^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.9 ± 2.3	28.2 ± 2.3	0.002^a	28.7 ± 2.3	28.3 ± 2.7	28.6 ± 2.2	28.7 ± 2.2	0.7^b
Waist circumstance (cm)	99.5 ± 14.9	101.6 ± 8.6	0.1^a	101.1 ± 9.6	100 ± 9.2	99.1 ± 8.6	101.3 ± 18.8	0.6^b
FBS (mg/dl)	161.7 ± 58.2	165.3 ± 53.4	0.5^a	159.4 ± 56.4	167.2 ± 57.6	165.5 ± 55.5	162.6 ± 55.1	0.8^b
BS2hp (mg/dl)	242.9 ± 86.4	226 ± 80.7	0.5^a	229.3 ± 79.3	229.2 ± 92.1	235 ± 77.8	246 ± 85.3	0.4^b
HbA1c	8.2 ± 1.5	7.9 ± 1.4	0.03^a	8.2 ± 1.5	7.9 ± 1.5	8.02 ± 1.4	8.08 ± 1.4	0.6^b
Physical activity (MET-min/week)^d			0.3^c					0.4^c
Low intensity (%)	61.6	67.6		61.5	60.9	64.8	71.1
Moderate (%)	30.3	27		33	30.4	25.3	25.6
High intensity (%)	8.1	5.4		5.5	8.7	9.9	3.3
Females (%)	63.8	63.8	0.5^c	64.8	58.7	65.9	58	0.7^c
Married (%)	99.5	100	0.66^c	25	25.5	27	23	<0.001^c
Education (%)			0.5^c					0.9^c
Literate (%)	94.1	94.6		94.5	95.6	93.5	93.4
Illiterate (%)	5.9	5.4		5.5	4.4	6.5	6.6
Current smoker (%)	10.3	4.3	0.02^c	4.4	13	3.3	8.9	0.04^c
Economic status^e			0.5^c
Low (%)	15.1	17.3		15.4	19.6	14.3	16.7	0.5^c
Middle (%)	83.3	79.5		82.4	79.3	81.3	81.1
High (%)	1.6	3.2		2.2	1.1	4.4	2.2
Job			0.2^c					0.2^c
Working (%)	43.8	48.6		42.9	55.4	45.1	43.3
Housewife	56.2	51.4		57.1	44.6	54.9	56.7

The results are described as mean ± standard deviation or (%). BS2hP, blood sugar after 2 hrs; BMI, body mass index; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HbA1C, glycated hemoglobin A1c; MET, metabolic equivalent of task. ^aIndependent sample t-test. ^bANOVA test. ^cChi‐square test. ^dLow intensity: lower than 600 MET‐min/week; moderate: 600–3,000 MET‐min/week; high intensity: more than 3,000 MET‐min/week. ^eEconomic status: low: 0–3; middle: 4–6; high:7–9.