Fourteen-Day Evolution of COVID-19 Symptoms during the Third Wave in Nonvaccinated Subjects and Effects of Hesperidin Therapy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study

Table 1

Patients’ baseline characteristics, intent-to-treat population.

	Placebo N = 109	Hesperidin N = 107	All N = 216
Age (years)	40.67 (SD 11.26)	41.31 (SD 13.02)	40.98 (SD 12.14)
Male	49 (45.0%)	48 (44.9%)	97 (44.9%)
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.21 (SD 6.82)	28.12 (SD 6.38)	28.16 (SD 6.59)
Delay from symptoms to randomization (days)	3.78 (SD 1.81)	3.88 (SD 1.89)	3.83 (SD 1.84)
Delay from diagnosis to randomization (days)	1.10 (SD 0.43)	1.10 (SD 0.39)	1.10 (SD 0.41)
COVID-19 symptoms
Cough	55 (50.5%)	60 (56.1%)	115 (53.2%)
General weakness	49 (45.0%)	48 (44.9%)	97 (44.9%)
Headache	45 (41.3%)	47 (43.9%)	92 (42.6%)
Pain	39 (35.8%)	37 (34.6%)	76 (35.2%)
Sore throat	28 (25.7%)	34 (31.8%)	62 (28.7%)
Runny nose	24 (22.0%)	34 (31.8%)	58 (26.9%)
Chills	21 (19.3%)	28 (26.2%)	49 (22.7%)
Shortness of breath	20 (18.3%)	28 (26.2%)	48 (22.2%)
Anosmia	20 (18.3%)	20 (18.7%)	40 (18.5%)
Fever	17 (15.6%)	18 (16.8%)	35 (16.2%)
Diarrhea	6 (5.5%)	9 (8.4%)	15 (6.9%)
Nausea/vomiting	8 (7.3%)	6 (5.6%)	14 (6.5%)
Irritability/confusion	5 (4.6%)	2 (1.9%)	7 (3.2%)
Risk factors
Diabetes	1 (0.9%)	6 (5.6%)	7 (3.2%)
Hypertension	9 (8.3%)	14 (13.1%)	23 (10.6%)
Heart diseases	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Stroke	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Respiratory diseases	18 (16.5%)	15 (14.0%)	33 (15.3%)
Asthma	17	14	31
COPD	1	0	1
Pulmonary fibrosis	0	1	1