[Retracted] Efficacy of Duhuo Jisheng Decoction in Treating Ankylosing Spondylitis: Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanisms

Table 2

Results of meta-analysis of each outcome indicator.

Outcome indicator	The number of studies	The number of patients	Association test			Heterogeneity
			RR/SMD	95% CI	val	Model	val	I2
The clinical effective rate	10	858	RR = 1.30	(1.16, 1.44)	<0.00001	Random	0.02	53%
BASFI	4	385	SMD = −0.46	(−1.77, 0.85)	0.49	Random	<0.00001	97%
BASDAI	3	285	SMD = −0.36	(−1.95, 1.23)	0.66	Random	<0.00001	97%
VAS score	6	515	SMD = −0.79	(−1.19, −0.40)	<0.0001	Random	0.0003	97%
Finger-to-floor distance	5	481	SMD = −1.55	(−2.66, −0.44)	0.006	Random	0.00001	97%
Morning stiffness time	3	230	SMD = −1.23	(−2.21, −0.25)	0.01	Random	<0.0001	91%
Degree of motion of chest	3	285	SMD = 0.24	(0.01, 0.47)	0.04	Fixed	0.80	0%
Schober’s test values	3	321	SMD = 0.23	(0.01, 0.45)	0.04	Fixed	0.24	31%
ESR	9	800	SMD = −1.07	(−1.69, −0.46)	0.0006	Random	<0.00001	94%
CPR	7	582	SMD = −2.31	(−3.52, −1.10)	0.0002	Random	<0.00001	97%
BALP	2	211	SMD = 0.18	(−0.36, −0.71)	0.51	Random	0.05	74%
IL-6	2	211	SMD = −1.72	(−3.06, −0.38)	0.01	Random	<0.0001	94%
BGP	2	211	SMD = 3.14	(−1.62, 7.89)	0.20	Random	<0.00001	99%
Incidence of gastrointestinal events	5	446	RR = 0.27	(0.13, 0.54)	0.0002	Fixed	0.62	0%
Incidence of skin events	5	446	RR = 0.13	(0.03, 0.48)	0.002	Fixed	0.88	0%
Incidence of abnormal liver function	6	522	RR = 0.28	(0.11, 0.67)	0.004	Fixed	0.85	0%
Incidence of abnormal renal function	3	292	RR = 0.29	(0.05, 1.72)	0.17	Fixed	0.96	0%

RRs, risk ratios; CIs, confidence intervals; SMD, standard mean difference; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CPR, C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin 6; VAS, visual analog scale; BASFI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BASDAI, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BGP, bone Gla-containing protein; BALP, bone alkaline phosphatase.