Herbal Medicines for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases (Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): A Prospective Observational Study

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

Characteristic	Total (n = 24)	Asthma (n = 14)	COPD (n = 10)
Age (year)^†	57.46 (51.89, 63.03)	52.07 (44.66, 59.48)	65.00 (57.92, 72.08)
Gender (M/F)^‡	12 (50.00%)/12 (50.00%)	9 (64.29%)/5 (35.71%)	3 (30.00%)/7 (70.00%)
Height (cm)^†	161.6 (158.1, 165.17)	161.6 (156.4, 166.7)	161.7 (155.9, 167.4)
Weight (kg)^†	62.46 (57.14, 67.78)	63.13 (56.26, 70.00)	61.52 (51.42, 71.62)
BMI (kg/m^2)^†	23.78 (22.20, 25.35)	24.04 (22.13, 25.95)	23.40 (20.26, 26.54)
Drinking (yes/no)^‡	9 (37.50%)/15 (62.50%)	6 (42.86%)/8 (57.14%)	3 (30.00%)/7 (70.00%)
Smoking (yes/no)^‡	3 (12.50%)/21 (87.50%)	2 (14.29%)/12 (75.71%)	1 (10.00%)/9 (90.00%)
Job (yes/no)^‡	15 (62.50%)/9 (37.50%)	10 (71.43%)/4 (28.57%)	5 (50.00%)/5 (50.00%)
Duration of diseases (month)^†	106.8 (57.0, 156.6)	95.1 (52.0, 138.2)	123.2 (5.7, 240.8)
The severity of asthma^‡
Intermittent mild		1 (7.1%)
Persistent mild		7 (50.0%)
Persistent moderate severity		4 (28.6%)
Persistently severe		2 (14.3%)
The severity of COPD^‡
(A)			2 (20.0%)
(B)			4 (40.0%)
(C)			4 (40.0%)
Use of bronchodilators or inhaled corticosteroids^‡
SABA	7 (29.17%)	7 (50.00%)	0 (0.00%)
LAMA	1 (4.17%)	0 (0.00%)	1 (10.00%)
LABA + ICS	7 (29.17%)	4 (28.57%)	3 (30.00%)
LABA + LAMA + ICS	1 (4.17%)	0 (0.00%)	1 (10.00%)
Pattern identification for asthma^‡
Wind-cold		3 (21.43%)
Phlegm-dampness stagnation		1 (7.14%)
Heart-kidney deficiency		9 (64.29%)
Upper excess and lower deficiency		1 (7.14%)
Pattern identification for COPD^‡
Wind-cold			2 (20.00%)
Kidney-yang deficiency			7 (70.00%)
Kidney-yin deficiency			1 (10.00%)

^†Student’s independent t-test, ^‡Fisher’s exact test, SABA: short-acting beta agonists; LABA: long-acting beta agonists; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonists; ICS: inhaled corticosteroids.