Review Article

Lettuce as an Effective Remedy in Uremic Pruritus: Review of the Literature Supplemented by an In Silico Study

Table 1

Docking results of the active components of Lactuca sativa L. with 4DJH receptor.

CompoundDocking score (kcal/mol)Number of H-bondsEstimated inhibition constant, Ki (μM)Amino acid residues forming H-bond with their length in ÅHydrophobic interactions

Alanine−3.2434220Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.57)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.69)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.88)
Alpha-lactucerol−9.6620.083Thr111 (A) H-donor (3.21, 2.84)Gln115, Val118,
Trp124, Asp138,
Ile316
Alpha-linolenic acid−6.50117.32Thr111 (A) H-acceptor (2.68)Val230, Phe231,
Ile290, Ile294
Alpha-tocopherol−10.8410.011Lys227 (A) H-donor (2.63)Gln115, Val118,
Trp124, Asp138,
Tyr139, Lys227,
Val230, Ile290,
His291, Ile294,
Ile316
Arginine−5.206154.21Met142 (A) H-donor (3.81)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.85, 2.66, 2.72)
Lys227 (A) H-donor (3.02)
His291 (A) H-donor (2.77)
Ile290, Ile294
Ascorbic acid−4.614416.13Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.86)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.74)
Ile316 (A) H-donor (2.77)
Ile316 (A) H-donor (3.01)
Aspartic acid−2.33419480Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.72)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.68)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.83)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.96)
Betaine−2.7719260Ile316 (A) H-donor (2.87)
Caffeic acid−5.334123.69His291 (A) H-donor (2.79)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.81)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.88)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (3.39)
Val230, Ile290, Ile294
Campesterol−11.2410.005Lys227 (A) H-donor (2.58)Gln115, Asp138,
Tyr139, Trp287,
Ile290, Ile294,
Ile316, Tyr320
Choline−3.2913900Ile316 (A) H-donor (2.78)
Delta-tocopherol−11.2920.005Lys227 (A) H-donor (2.88)
Phe231 (A) H-donor (3.91)
Tyr139, lys227,
Val230, Trp287,
Ile290, Ile294,
Tyr312, Ile316
Gamma-tocopherol−11.7210.002Lys227 (A) H-donor (3.24)Val108, Asp138,
Val230, Ile290,
His291, Ile294,
Ile316, Tyr320
Glutamic acid−3.2744040Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.63, 2.70, 2.90)
His291 (A) H-donor (2.83)
Ile290, Ile294
Niacin−3.7611740His291 (A) H-donor (2.72)Ile294
Pantothenic acid−3.9941200Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.77, 2.89, 2.77)
Ile316 (A) H-donor (2.77)
Val108, Trp287, Ile290, Ile294, Tyr320
Pyridoxine−5.024210.20Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.75, 2.62)
Ile316 (A) H-donor (2.84)
Thr111 (A) H-donor (3.96)
Val108
Riboflavin−7.9331.54Tyr312 (A) H-donor (2.77, 3.01)
Gln115 (A) H-acceptor (3.13)
Trp287, Ile316, Tyr320
Thiamine−7.3823.90Tyr320 (A) H-donor (2.87)
Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.79)
Val108, Thr111,
Asp138, Ile290
Gabapentin−5.68368.98Asp138 (A) H-donor (3.01, 2.54, 2.70)Val230, Ile290, Ile294
Cocrystal ligand (JDC)−10.1810.017Asp138 (A) H-donor (2.71)Val108, Gln115,
Trp124, Asp138, Trp287, Ile290,
Ile294, Ile316