Particulate Matter Exposure and the Changes in Immune Biomarkers: Effects of Biyeom-Go on the Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and a Particulate Matter-Treated Mouse Model

Table 1

The change of TNSS and mini-RQLQ for 4 weeks.

Nasal symptoms	Baseline	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Difference (baseline-4 weeks)	value
Nasal congestion	1.7 ± 0.7	1.4 ± 0.7	1.5 ± 0.8	1.3 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 0.8	0.6 ± 0.9	0.0011
Rhinorrhea	1.6 ± 0.7	1.6 ± 0.8	1.4 ± 0.7	1.3 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.8	0.5 ± 0.9	0.0067
Itching	1.3 ± 0.9	1.0 ± 0.8	0.8 ± 0.7	0.7 ± 0.7	0.5 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 0.8	<0.0001
Sneezing	1.5 ± 0.8	1.1 ± 0.8	0.9 ± 0.7	0.6 ± 0.6	0.6 ± 0.7	0.9 ± 0.8	<0.0001
TNSS	6.1 ± 2.3^a	5.0 ± 2.2^b	4.6 ± 2.1^bc	3.8 ± 2.0^cd	3.4 ± 2.2^d	2.7 ± 2.6	<0.0001
Mini-RQLQ	38.6 ± 11.9^a	27.4 ± 10.1^b	25.6 ± 10.2^b	24.0 ± 11.6^bc	19.3 ± 12.8^c	19.3 ± 12.8	<0.0001

TNSS, total nasal symptom score; mini-RQLQ, mini‐rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire. The values are expressed as the mean ± SD. RM ANOVA ; .