Particulate Matter Exposure and the Changes in Immune Biomarkers: Effects of Biyeom-Go on the Nasal Mucosa of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis and a Particulate Matter-Treated Mouse Model

Table 4

Comparison of the difference of PM2.5 air quality and the change of TNSS.

Difference of PM2.5 air quality (baseline-4 weeks)
Nasal symptom	PM2.5 < 35 μg/m^3	PM2.5 > 35 μg/m^3	value^1
Nasal congestion	0.4 ± 0.74	0.73 ± 0.96	0.2757
Rhinorrhea	0.53 ± 0.83	0.47 ± 1.06	0.8626
Itching	0.87 ± 0.74	0.60 ± 0.91	0.4955
Sneezing	0.87 ± 0.74	0.93 ± 0.96	0.8412
TNSS	2.73 ± 1.94	2.73 ± 3.22	0.9008

TNSS, total nasal symptom score. The values are expressed as the mean ± SD. value¹ was calculated through the nonparametric statistics (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, n = 15 each).