Effect of Acupoint Catgut Embedding for Middle-Aged Obesity: A Multicentre, Randomised, Sham-Controlled Trial
Table 7
Secondary outcomes (percentage change from baseline and change from baseline) based on the intention-to-treat principle.
Adjusted mean1
Difference (95% CI),
2
3
ACE group (95% CI)
Sham ACE group (95% CI)
Difference (95% CI),
Male group (n = 51)
Female group (n = 165)
Weight (%)
0.51
0.26
Week 16
7.92 (7.10, 8.74), <0.001
2.91 (2.00, 3.82), <0.001
5.01 (3.74, 6.29), <0.001
2.50 (−0.58, 5.57), 0.111
5.47 (4.07, 6.87), <0.001
Week 40
7.28 (6.38, 8.19), <0.001
2.47 (1.40, 3.54), <0.001
4.81 (3.32, 6.31), <0.001
2.16 (−1.28, 5.61), 0.218
5.22 (3.65, 6.79), <0.001
Overall effect
5.70 (1.42, 9.99), 0.011
2.32 (1.07, 3.57), <0.001
3.39 (2.41, 4.36), <0.001
1.63 (−0.78, 4.04), 0.185
3.69 (2.64, 4.75), <0.001
BMI (%)
0.72
0.23
Week 16
7.93 (7.10, 8.75), <0.001
3.06 (2.25, 3.87), <0.001
4.87 (3.71, 6.03), <0.001
3.05 (0.67, 5.42), 0.012
5.54 (4.15, 6.93), <0.001
Week 40
7.31 (6.38, 8.24), <0.001
2.73 (1.81, 3.65), <0.001
4.58 (3.26, 5.90), <0.001
2.75 (0.23, 5.28), 0.032
5.22 (3.77, 6.66), <0.001
Overall effect
5.70 (1.39, 10.01), 0.011
2.48 (1.20, 3.77), <0.001
3.22 (2.32, 4.11), <0.001
2.05 (0.29, 3.81), 0.022
3.71 (2.68, 4.74), <0.001
Hipline (%)
0.94
0.99
Week 16
3.73 (3.15, 4.30), <0.001
1.88 (1.30, 2.46), <0.001
1.85 (1.02, 2.68), <0.001
1.09 (−0.67, 2.85), 0.224
2.17 (1.19, 3.14), <0.001
Week 40
3.71 (2.98, 4.45), <0.001
1.64 (0.89, 2.40), <0.001
2.07 (1.04, 3.10), <0.001
1.62 (−1.24, 4.49), 0.266
2.16 (1.02, 3.30), <0.001
Overall effect
2.72 (0.54, 4.91), 0.016
1.46 (0.39, 2.53), 0.008
1.27 (0.62, 1.91), <0.001
0.71 (−0.69, 2.11), 0.323
1.50 (0.77, 2.24), <0.001
WHR (%)
0.34
0.39
Week 16
4.97 (4.18, 5.76), <0.001
1.77 (0.92, 2.62), <0.001
3.20 (2.06, 4.35), <0.001
2.90 (0.72, 5.09), 0.009
2.79 (1.41, 4.17), <0.001
Week 40
4.63 (3.74, 5.52), <0.001
1.43 (0.53, 2.33), 0.002
3.20 (1.93, 4.47), <0.001
2.28 (−0.51, 5.07), 0.109
2.93 (1.38, 4.48), <0.001
Overall effect
3.45 (0.58, 6.31), 0.019
1.64 (0.62, 2.65), 0.002
1.81 (0.88, 2.74), <0.001
1.51 (−0.35, 3.37), 0.112
1.50 (0.40, 2.59), 0.007
PBF (%)
0.79
0.64
Week 16
10.01 (8.66, 11.36), <0.001
5.01 (3.59, 6.43), <0.001
5.00 (3.07, 6.93), <0.001
3.70 (−2.65, 10.05), 0.247
5.61 (3.62, 7.61), <0.001
Week 40
8.08 (6.56, 9.61), <0.001
3.71 (2.13, 5.29), <0.001
4.37 (2.14, 6.60), <0.001
3.08 (−3.35, 9.51), 0.344
5.08 (2.85, 7.31), <0.001
Overall effect
6.92 (2.25, 11.59), 0.005
3.98 (1.77, 6.18), <0.001
2.94 (1.41, 4.48), <0.001
2.59 (−2.31, 7.50), 0.298
3.16 (1.69, 4.63), <0.001
IWQOL-Lite
0.96
0.25
Week 16
−11.19 (−13.68, −8.71), <0.001
−8.96 (−11.66, −6.25), <0.001
−2.24 (−6.05, 1.58), 0.248
2.43 (−3.96, 8.81), 0.456
−3.46 (−7.67, 0.74), 0.106
Week 40
−16.72 (−19.15, −14.29,<0.001
−10.37 (−12.75, −7.98), <0.001
−6.35 (−9.72, −2.99), <0.001
0.20 (−5.02, 5.42), 0.940
−8.42 (−12.37, −4.47), <0.001
Overall effect
−10.73 (−19.44, −2.03), 0.017
−8.13 (−13.22, −3.05), 0.002
−2.60 (−5.14, −0.06), 0.045
1.48 (−2.30, 5.26), 0.443
−3.81 (−6.80, −0.82), 0.013
SF-36 score
—
—
—
SF-36 (PF)
0.20
0.65
Week 16
2.90 (1.12, 4.68)
0.93 (−0.85, 2.71)
1.97 (−0.54, 4.48), 0.124
−1.85 (−5.53, 1.83), 0.323
3.04 (−0.00, 6.09), 0.050
Week 40
4.45 (2.89, 6.00)
2.92 (1.36, 4.49)
1.53 (−0.70, 3.75), 0.180
−0.85 (−6.09, 4.38), 0.748
2.40 (−0.14, 4.94), 0.064
Overall effect
3.67 (1.56, 5.79)
1.93 (−0.48, 4.34)
1.75 (−0.43, 3.92), 0.115
−1.35 (−5.27, 2.57), 0.497
2.72 (0.15, 5.29), 0.038
SF-36 (RP)
0.59
0.52
Week 16
3.52 (−0.53, 7.56)
5.91 (2.29, 9.52)
−2.39 (−8.04, 3.26), 0.404
−2.34 (−11.63, 6.95), 0.617
−2.49 (−9.00, 4.03), 0.453
Week 40
7.59 (3.92, 11.26)
7.57 (4.19, 10.96)
0.02 (−5.19, 5.23), 0.994
−1.75 (−9.66, 6.17), 0.656
0.79 (−5.44, 7.02), 0.802
Overall effect
5.55 (0.38, 10.73)
6.74 (3.06, 10.42)
−1.18 (−6.23, 3.86), 0.642
−2.04 (−9.51, 5.42), 0.583
−0.85 (−6.75, 5.05), 0.777
SF-36 (BP)
0.65
0.94
Week 16
2.65 (−0.75, 6.06)
0.24 (−3.34, 3.82)
2.41 (−2.51, 7.34), 0.337
3.24 (−9.63, 16.10), 0.613
1.13 (−4.55, 6.81), 0.696
Week 40
2.61 (−1.30, 6.52)
1.15 (−3.13, 5.42)
1.46 (−4.49, 7.42), 0.628
1.45 (−12.87, 15.76), 0.840
0.22 (−6.36, 6.80), 0.948
Overall effect
2.63 (−0.83, 6.09)
0.69 (−3.07, 4.46)
1.94 (−2.60, 6.48), 0.402
2.34 (−9.58, 14.26), 0.691
0.68 (−4.63, 5.98), 0.803
SF-36 (GH)
0.99
0.84
Week 16
3.60 (0.58, 6.62)
6.18 (3.26, 9.11)
−2.59 (−6.70, 1.52), 0.218
−1.64 (−10.49, 7.21), 0.716
−3.01 (−7.89, 1.87), 0.227
Week 40
8.81 (5.74, 11.88)
6.74 (3.66, 9.82)
2.07 (−2.17, 6.31), 0.339
2.17 (−6.65, 10.99), 0.628
2.21 (−3.06, 7.48), 0.410
Overall effect
6.20 (0.63, 11.78)
6.46 (3.53, 9.40)
−0.26 (−4.04, 3.52), 0.893
0.27 (−7.76, 8.30), 0.948
−0.40 (−5.02, 4.23), 0.866
SF-36 (VT)
0.55
0.69
Week 16
2.92 (0.93, 4.91)
3.33 (1.25, 5.42)
−0.41 (−3.31, 2.49), 0.780
−2.37 (−7.93, 3.19), 0.397
−0.09 (−3.74, 3.56), 0.962
Week 40
7.34 (5.14, 9.53)
4.98 (2.72, 7.24)
2.36 (−0.78, 5.49), 0.141
1.20 (−5.84, 8.24), 0.738
2.15 (−1.58, 5.89), 0.258
Overall effect
5.13 (0.61, 9.65)
4.16 (1.63, 6.69)
0.97 (−1.69, 3.63), 0.473
−0.58 (−6.16, 4.99), 0.836
1.03 (−2.28, 4.35), 0.540
SF-36 (SF)
0.29
0.33
Week 16
4.23 (1.28, 7.18)
3.36 (0.29, 6.44)
0.87 (−3.18, 4.92), 0.673
3.70 (−4.60, 11.99), 0.382
−0.37 (−5.24, 4.51), 0.883
Week 40
4.42 (1.15, 7.69)
3.13 (−0.05, 6.31)
1.29 (−3.32, 5.90), 0.583
0.57 (−9.42, 10.57), 0.910
1.87 (−3.28, 7.02), 0.477
Overall effect
4.33 (1.36, 7.29)
3.25 (0.28, 6.22)
1.08 (−2.68, 4.84), 0.573
2.14 (−5.45, 9.72), 0.580
0.75 (−3.76, 5.26), 0.744
SF-36 (RE)
0.32
0.18
Week 16
8.63 (3.78, 13.47)
8.78 (3.94, 13.63)
−0.16 (−7.15, 6.84), 0.964
−4.03 (−0.60, 12.53), 0.633
1.92 (−5.77, 9.60), 0.625
Week 40
8.93 (4.05, 13.81)
10.70 (5.60, 15.80)
−1.76 (−8.91, 5.38), 0.628
3.63 (−13.52, 20.77), 0.678
−2.98 (−12.27, 6.31), 0.523
Overall effect
8.78 (4.15, 13.41)
9.74 (4.73, 14.75)
−0.96 (−7.08, 5.15), 0.758
−0.20 (−3.98, 13.57), 0.977
−0.53 (−8.09, 7.03), 0.889
SF-36 (MH)
0.31
0.94
Week 16
2.97 (0.53, 5.41)
4.12 (1.73, 6.51)
−1.15 (−4.66, 2.36), 0.518
−3.90 (−10.24, 2.44), 0.226
0.23 (−3.87, 4.33), 0.912
Week 40
6.69 (3.83, 9.54)
5.31 (2.54, 8.08)
1.37 (−2.51, 5.25), 0.487
−1.78 (−9.28, 5.72), 0.641
2.94 (−1.59, 7.48), 0.203
Overall effect
4.83 (0.62, 9.03)
4.72 (2.03, 7.40)
0.11 (−3.26, 3.48), 0.948
−2.84 (−9.08, 3.40), 0.370
1.59 (−2.33, 5.50), 0.427
HAD
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Anxiety
0.73
0.98
Week 16
−0.68 (−1.17, −0.18)
−0.67 (−1.16, −0.18)
−0.01 (−0.72, 0.70), 0.979
0.02 (−1.28, 1.32), 0.974
−0.20 (−1.05, 0.65), 0.642
Week 40
−1.49 (−1.98, −1.00)
−1.43 (−1.93, −0.93)
−0.06 (−0.77, 0.64), 0.864
0.01 (−1.37, 1.40), 0.987
−0.26 (−1.14, 0.62), 0.553
Overall effect
−1.08 (−1.96, −0.21)
−1.05 (−1.89, −0.21)
−0.04 (−0.66, 0.59), 0.911
0.02 (−1.14, 1.18), 0.977
−0.23 (−0.99, 0.53), 0.546
Depression
0.61
0.71
Week 16
−0.92 (−1.38, −0.47)
−0.73 (−1.20, −0.27)
−0.19 (−0.84, 0.46), 0.565
0.09 (−1.09, 1.28), 0.879
−0.21 (−0.98, 0.57), 0.600
Week 40
−1.82 (−2.27, −1.37)
−1.33 (−1.76, −0.89)
−0.49 (−1.14, 0.15), 0.134
−0.52 (−1.55, 0.52), 0.330
−0.41 (−1.12, 0.29), 0.251
Overall effect
−1.37 (−2.29, −0.45)
−1.03 (−1.71, −0.34)
−0.34 (−0.88, 0.20), 0.217
−0.21 (−1.08, 0.66), 0.631
−0.31 (−0.97, 0.35), 0.355
SES
0.61
0.79
Week 16
0.97 (0.14, 1.79)
0.77 (−0.03, 1.57)
0.20 (−0.93, 1.32), 0.733
−0.18 (−2.34, 1.99), 0.869
0.34 (−1.04, 1.72), 0.626
Week 40
2.71 (1.89, 3.53)
1.65 (0.70, 2.61)
1.05 (−0.18, 2.29), 0.095
0.26 (−2.45, 2.96), 0.844
1.42 (−0.07, 2.91), 0.062
Overall effect
1.84 (0.06, 3.62)
1.21 (0.07, 2.35)
0.63 (−0.41, 1.66), 0.236
0.04 (−2.19, 2.27), 0.971
0.88 (−0.41, 2.17), 0.179
1Percentage of reduction from baseline for weight, BMI, hipline, WHR, and PBF: (before value − after value)/before value ∗ 100%; change from baseline for IWQOL-Lite, SF-36, and HAD score: after value (posttreatment) – before value (baseline). 2 value for interaction between sex and treatment group. 3 value for interaction among sex, treatment group, and visit time point. The average change during the total follow-up period was estimated as the overall effect. BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; PBF, percent body fat; IWQOL-Lite, Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite; HAD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form; SES, Self-Esteem Scale.
