Nigella sativa Oil Reduces LPS-Induced Microglial Inflammation: An Evaluation on M₁/M₂ Balance

Figure 3

Effects of NSO on the gene expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the presence of LPS; the cells were pretreated with NSO for 2 hours and then incubated with LPS for 48 hours. After 48 hours, the expression levels of TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1 β, and IL-6 were determined in the presence of LPS. ^### <  0.001 versus control;  <  0.01 and  <  0.001 versus LPS.

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