[Retracted] Prediction Models for One-Year Survival of Adult Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Longitudinal Study Based on the Data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III Database
Table 2
Comparisons of characteristics in participants who survived or dead with AKI.
Variable
Total (n = 6050)
Death group (n = 2525)
Survival group (n = 3525)
Statistical magnitude
Gender (female), n (%)
3333 (55.09)
1420 (56.24)
1913 (54.27)
χ2 = 2.303
0.129
Ethnicity, n (%)
χ2 = 21.807
<0.001
Asian
173 (2.86)
97 (3.84)
76 (2.16)
African American
605 (10.00)
226 (8.95)
379 (10.75)
Hispanic
179 (2.96)
67 (2.65)
112 (3.18)
Others
165 (2.73)
63 (2.50)
102 (2.89)
White
4928 (81.45)
2072 (82.06)
2856 (81.02)
Marital status, n (%)
χ2 = 68.946
<0.001
Married
2887 (47.72)
1249 (49.47)
1638 (46.47)
Not married
2166 (35.80)
771 (30.53)
1395 (39.57)
Widowed
997 (16.48)
505 (20.00)
492 (13.96)
Age, M (Q1, Q3)
67.52 (54.33, 79.56)
73.56 (60.64, 82.75)
63.05 (51.24, 75.87)
Z = 19.022
<0.001
LOS in hospital, M (Q1, Q3)
9.19 (5.47, 16.66)
9.00 (5.10, 16.77)
9.38 (5.68, 16.63)
Z = −1.741
0.082
LOS in ICU, M (Q1, Q3)
3.91 (2.14, 8.07)
4.31 (2.38, 8.76)
3.65 (2.02, 7.67)
Z = 6.480
<0.001
First care unit, n (%)
χ2 = 2.285
0.809
CCU
812 (13.42)
331 (13.11)
481 (13.65)
CSRU
1597 (26.40)
670 (26.53)
927 (26.30)
MICU
2010 (33.22)
836 (33.11)
1174 (33.30)
NICU
61 (1.01)
30 (1.19)
31 (0.88)
SICU
883 (14.60)
377 (14.93)
506 (14.35)
TSICU
687 (11.36)
281 (11.13)
406 (11.52)
AKI stage 48 hr, n (%)
χ2 = 226.572
<0.001
1
1538 (25.42)
511 (20.24)
1027 (29.13)
2
2880 (47.60)
1081 (42.81)
1799 (51.04)
3
1632 (26.98)
933 (36.95)
699 (19.83)
Vasopressor (yes), n (%)
1264 (20.89)
623 (24.67)
641 (18.18)
χ2 = 37.480
<0.001
Congestive heart failure (yes), n (%)
2025 (33.47)
990 (39.21)
1035 (29.36)
χ2 = 64.051
<0.001
Hypertension (yes), n (%)
3377 (55.82)
1362 (53.94)
2015 (57.16)
χ2 = 6.195
0.013
CPD (yes), n (%)
1396 (23.07)
616 (24.40)
780 (22.13)
χ2 = 4.265
0.039
Diabetes uncomplicated (yes), n (%)
1334 (22.05)
544 (21.54)
790 (22.41)
χ2 = 0.643
0.423
Renal failure (yes), n (%)
1202 (19.87)
611 (24.20)
591 (16.77)
χ2 = 51.042
<0.001
Liver disease (yes), n (%)
1205 (19.92)
619 (24.51)
586 (16.62)
χ2 = 57.429
<0.001
AF (yes), n (%)
1784 (29.49)
940 (37.23)
844 (23.94)
χ2 = 124.867
<0.001
Respiratory disease (yes), n (%)
1456 (24.07)
704 (27.88)
752 (21.33)
χ2 = 34.516
<0.001
Mechanical ventilation (yes), n (%)
5766 (95.31)
2367 (93.74)
3399 (96.43)
χ2 = 23.671
<0.001
SBP, mean ± SD
120.22 ± 23.42
116.52 ± 23.43
122.87 ± 23.06
t = −10.49
<0.001
DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD
61.22 ± 15.55
58.44 ± 14.84
63.21 ± 15.75
t = −12.01
<0.001
Heart rate, mean ± SD
86.90 ± 18.70
88.41 ± 19.31
85.83 ± 18.17
t = 5.27
<0.001
Respiratory rate, mean ± SD
19.78 ± 6.23
20.23 ± 6.35
19.46 ± 6.13
t = 4.77
<0.001
Temperature, mean ± SD
36.84 ± 0.84
36.74 ± 0.90
36.92 ± 0.79
t = −8.16
<0.001
SpO2%, mean ± SD
96.95 ± 3.64
96.77 ± 4.33
97.07 ± 3.05
t = −3.02
0.003
MAP, mean ± SD
78.64 ± 16.64
76.02 ± 16.16
80.51 ± 16.73
t = −10.44
<0.001
PT, M (Q1, Q3)
13.70 (13.70, 14.90)
13.70 (13.70, 15.80)
13.70 (13.70, 14.50)
Z = 9.140
<0.001
WBC, M (Q1, Q3)
11.50 (7.90, 16.50)
12.30 (8.10, 17.80)
11.20 (7.80, 15.80)
Z = 5.107
<0.001
LYM, M (Q1, Q3)
9.00 (5.20, 15.50)
8.00 (4.30, 13.80)
10.00 (6.00, 16.50)
Z = −10.849
<0.001
NEUT, mean ± SD
78.25 ± 15.40
78.20 ± 17.40
78.29 ± 13.80
t = −0.21
0.831
PLT, M (Q1, Q3)
213.00 (143.00, 292.00)
202.00 (122.00, 290.00)
219.00 (156.00, 294.00)
Z = −6.454
<0.001
Hemoglobin, mean ± SD
11.25 ± 2.34
10.76 ± 2.26
11.61 ± 2.34
t = −14.10
<0.001
RDW, mean ± SD
15.46 ± 2.32
16.25 ± 2.51
14.89 ± 2.00
t = 22.68
<0.001
Hematocrit, mean ± SD
33.61 ± 6.79
32.45 ± 6.66
34.45 ± 6.76
t = −11.44
<0.001
Albumin, mean ± SD
3.11 ± 0.72
2.91 ± 0.69
3.25 ± 0.70
t = −18.55
<0.001
Creatinine, M (Q1, Q3)
1.20 (0.80, 2.00)
1.40 (0.90, 2.40)
1.10 (0.80, 1.70)
Z = 11.533
<0.001
INR, M (Q1, Q3)
1.30 (1.10, 1.70)
1.40 (1.20, 1.90)
1.28 (1.10, 1.50)
Z = 16.021
<0.001
BUN, M (Q1, Q3)
25.00 (16.00, 43.00)
32.00 (20.00, 52.00)
22.00 (14.00, 35.00)
Z = 19.745
<0.001
Glucose, M (Q1, Q3)
134.00 (106.00, 173.00)
131.00 (104.00, 171.00)
135.00 (108.00, 175.00)
Z = −3.217
0.001
Bicarbonate, mean ± SD
22.73 ± 5.44
22.32 ± 5.79
23.02 ± 5.16
t = −4.80
<0.001
Sodium, mean ± SD
138.31 ± 5.80
138.10 ± 6.29
138.46 ± 5.42
t = −2.29
0.022
Potassium, mean ± SD
4.30 ± 0.91
4.39 ± 0.95
4.24 ± 0.87
t = 6.26
<0.001
Chloride, mean ± SD
104.93 ± 6.84
104.81 ± 7.33
105.01 ± 6.46
t = −1.13
0.259
Calcium, mean ± SD
8.24 ± 1.05
8.17 ± 1.01
8.29 ± 1.06
t = −4.57
<0.001
Anion gap, mean ± SD
16.10 ± 4.88
16.53 ± 4.88
15.79 ± 4.85
t = 5.89
<0.001
Bilirubin, M (Q1, Q3)
0.70 (0.40, 1.40)
0.80 (0.50, 2.00)
0.68 (0.40, 1.20)
Z = 9.070
<0.001
NLR, M (Q1, Q3)
8.94 (4.79, 16.20)
10.20 (5.33, 19.50)
8.14 (4.48, 14.38)
Z = 9.372
<0.001
PLR, M (Q1, Q3)
203.04 (117.50, 353.48)
219.12 (119.67, 398.35)
193.97 (116.42, 323.27)
Z = 4.531
<0.001
NPAR, M (Q1, Q3)
25.70 (21.22, 31.11)
27.50 (22.82, 33.78)
24.41 (20.43, 29.17)
Z = 15.374
<0.001
PNI, M (Q1, Q3)
36.95 (30.93, 43.14)
34.31 (28.62, 40.10)
38.85 (32.88, 44.93)
Z = −18.714
<0.001
LOS: length of stay, CSRU: cardiac surgery recovery unit, MICU: medical intensive care unit, NICU: neonatal intensive care unit, SICU: surgical intensive care unit, TSICU: trauma and surgical intensive care unit, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AF: atrial fibrillation, AKI: acute kidney injury, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, SpO2: peripheral oxygen saturation, MAP: mean arterial pressure, PT: prothrombin time, WBC: white blood cell, LYM: lymphocyte, NEUT: neutrophil, PLT: platelets, RDW: red cell distribution width, INR: international normalized ratio, PNI: prognostic nutritional index, PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, NPAR: neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio, NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.
