[Retracted] Clinical Effects of Outpatient Health Education on Fall Prevention and Self-health Management of Elderly Patients with Chronic Diseases

Figure 2

Evaluation results of ESCA scale. (a) Self-concept score; (b) sense of responsibility score; (c) self-care skills score; (d) health knowledge level score; (e) total score of ESCA. Note: indicates the presence of statistical significance () versus before intervention within the group; ^#indicates the presence of statistical significance () versus the regular group after intervention. ESCA, Exercise of Self-Care Agency. Independent t-test and paired t-test performed intergroup and intragroup (before and after intervention) comparisons, respectively.

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