Experimental Study on Danggui Shaoyao San Improving Renal Fibrosis by Promoting Autophagy

Figure 1

Selection of DSS treatment concentration. (a) NRK-52E cells were treated, respectively, with different drug concentrations of DSS (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8 mg/ml) for different time periods (24 h, 48 h, and 72 h) (n = 3, per group). (b) NRK-52E cells were treated, respectively, with different drug concentrations of DSS (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/ml) at 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 for 48 h (n = 5, per group). Then, NRK-52E cells were treated, respectively, with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 and different drug concentrations of DSS (n = 3, per group). “+” means containing the drug, “--” means without the reagent, “0.4, 0.8, 1.6” means the used drug concentration of DSS (mg/ml). (c) Protein levels of LC3 I, LC3 II, fibronectin, and caspase-3 in cellular were determined by western blotting. (d) Quantification of protein levels. Results are expressed as mean SEM. ^# versus control; and versus TGF-β1 only.

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