Insecticidal, Antimalarial, and Antileishmanial Effects of Royal Jelly and Its Three Main Fatty Acids, <i>trans</i>-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid, and Sebacic Acid

<table class="table-group" id="tab4"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Drug</td><td class="align_center">Antileishmanial effect IC<sub>50</sub> (<i>μ</i>g/mL)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Royal jelly</td><td class="align_center">8.4 ± 0.74</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">10-H2DA</td><td class="align_center">3.8 ± 0.22</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">10-HDAA</td><td class="align_center">3.77 ± 0.46</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Sebacic acid</td><td class="align_center">4.13 ± 0.51</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Meglumine antimoniate</td><td class="align_center">13.6 ± 1.15</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="table-fn"><td><div>Data are presented as the mean ± SD.<br/></div></td></tr></table>

<div>Antileishmanial activity of royal jelly and its three main fatty acids (<i>trans</i>-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-H2DA), 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA), and sebacic acid (1,10-decanedioic acid)) against intracellular amastigotes of <i>Leishmania major</i>.</div>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Table 4

Table 4: Insecticidal, Antimalarial, and Antileishmanial Effects of Royal Jelly and Its Three Main Fatty Acids, <i>trans</i>-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid, and Sebacic Acid 

Table 4 | Insecticidal, Antimalarial, and Antileishmanial Effects of Royal Jelly and Its Three Main Fatty Acids, trans-10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic Acid, 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid, and Sebacic Acid 