Perceived Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine Care in Community Health Services: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Hangzhou of China

Table 2

Quality ratings (Mean ± SD) on TCM care by characteristics of respondents.

Characteristics of respondents	Tangibility	Reliability	Responsiveness	Assurance	Empathy
Gender
Male	81.41 ± 12.01	81.50 ± 12.01	78.46 ± 11.43	87.63 ± 13.21	75.99 ± 14.29
Female	83.14 ± 12.06	83.97 ± 10.37	80.56 ± 12.16	89.30 ± 11.20	77.36 ± 14.69
Group comparison (p)	0.154	0.022	0.074	0.153	0.340
Age (years)
18–25	84.40 ± 14.15	84.00 ± 14.57	83.00 ± 15.78	86.75 ± 15.50	79.67 ± 17.64
26–45	82.52 ± 12.08	83.65 ± 11.70	80.54 ± 12.14	87.78 ± 12.75	75.65 ± 14.99
46–65	82.98 ± 12.06	83.08 ± 10.69	79.84 ± 11.92	89.07 ± 11.30	76.92 ± 14.94
>65	80.91 ± 11.52	82.27 ± 9.57	78.01 ± 10.55	89.92 ± 10.98	78.51 ± 11.16
Group comparison (p)	0.498	0.808	0.336	0.882	0.817
Residency
Local	82.82 ± 12.16	83.27 ± 11.04	79.99 ± 11.72	89.16 ± 11.91	77.51 ± 14.65
Non-local	81.33 ± 11.61	82.70 ± 10.75	79.40 ± 11.77	86.90 ± 11.77	74.17 ± 13.90
Group comparison (p)	0.306	0.664	0.686	0.116	0.056
Education
≤ Primary school	82.46 ± 12.71	81.78 ± 10.26	78.59 ± 11.35	87.88 ± 12.27	78.65 ± 12.27
Junior high school	82.97 ± 12.07	84.62 ± 10.30	79.42 ± 11.01	88.42 ± 10.08	79.17 ± 12.62
Senior high school	80.93 ± 10.73	80.44 ± 11.04	77.13 ± 11.49	85.33 ± 12.67	74.28 ± 12.23
University	83.69 ± 12.64	85.34 ± 11.31	82.94 ± 12.40	88.93 ± 11.994	80.91 ± 14.25
Group comparison (p)	0.318	0.001	0.001	0.081	0.001
Monthly household income per capita (¥)
<5000	83.24 ± 13.29	82.85 ± 11.65	79.20 ± 12.23	86.35 ± 12.60	79.43 ± 13.30
5000–9999	82.63 ± 11.52	82.66 ± 10.53	79.47 ± 11.21	88.55 ± 11.08	77.03 ± 13.08
≥10000	83.25 ± 9.76	85.60 ± 10.04	81.68 ± 12.14	88.91 ± 11.50	78.89 ± 12.74
Group comparison (p)	0.831	0.135	0.304	0.113	0.172
Marital status
Single	83.73 ± 13.44	84.81 ± 13.00	82.04 ± 13.72	87.44 ± 13.43	78.22 ± 15.00
Married	82.69 ± 11.77	82.93 ± 10.79	79.26 ± 11.50	87.42 ± 11.69	78.38 ± 13.13
Divorced/Widowed	79.39 ± 13.42	83.84 ± 10.38	81.45 ± 12.28	90.91 ± 11.14	77.78 ± 10.76
Group comparison (p)	0.254	0.516	0.217	0.265	0.968
Jobs
Public institution	86.60 ± 13.24	87.08 ± 12.18	84.20 ± 11.63	89.25 ± 11.85	84.83 ± 13.50
Corporate company	82.80 ± 12.94	83.37 ± 11.52	80.77 ± 12.36	86.02 ± 13.99	77.27 ± 13.93
Retail services	82.69 ± 10.60	81.31 ± 11.81	79.21 ± 12.02	89.26 ± 10.60	73.22 ± 12.02
Retired	81.73 ± 12.08	83.25 ± 10.13	78.94 ± 11.02	88.45 ± 10.76	79.17 ± 11.85
Self-employed	82.33 ± 11.13	82.44 ± 10.49	78.64 ± 12.03	85.42 ± 12.43	78.33 ± 14.91
Other	82.14 ± 12.24	82.02 ± 12.08	78.43 ± 13.87	86.07 ± 13.08	77.14 ± 13.750
Group comparison (p)	0.356	0.190	0.143	0.222	0.001
Health insurance
Urban employees	83.33 ± 12.06	83.63 ± 10.56	79.99 ± 11.59	87.89 ± 11.75	78.50 ± 12.88
Urban residents	82.20 ± 11.82	82.72 ± 11.98	79.88 ± 12.45	88.88 ± 11.94	78.74 ± 13.97
Rural residents	76.00 ± 10.93	80.00 ± 11.77	76.11 ± 11.66	82.14 ± 11.20	75.43 ± 13.41
Group comparison (p)	0.003	0.159	0.177	0.012	0.397
Chronic condition
Yes	82.58 ± 11.98	83.30 ± 11.48	80.32 ± 12.22	88.56 ± 12.19	75.87 ± 15.07
No	82.51 ± 12.23	82.95 ± 10.07	79.13 ± 11.49	89.09 ± 11.41	78.72 ± 13.49
Group comparison (p)	0.949	0.729	0.300	0.640	0.041
Perceived health
Poor	81.75 ± 12.71	82.17 ± 10.91	79.90 ± 11.47	88.75 ± 12.26	78.92 ± 12.25
Fair	83.57 ± 12.18	83.25 ± 10.47	79.80 ± 11.86	87.65 ± 11.64	77.76 ± 13.43
Good	81.31 ± 11.42	83.58 ± 11.81	79.35 ± 11.93	87.11 ± 11.96	78.93 ± 13.19
Group comparison (p)	0.161	0.642	0.918	0.608	0.627
Distance to nearest community health center (minutes)
≤15	82.41 ± 13.12	83.05 ± 11.14	78.68 ± 12.08	88.21 ± 11.89	77.53 ± 13.61
15–30	82.94 ± 11.68	83.17 ± 10.59	80.57 ± 11.10	89.11 ± 12.33	76.33 ± 14.20
>30	82.31 ± 12.33	83.29 ± 11.26	80.90 ± 12.53	88.93 ± 11.54	76.91 ± 15.77
Group comparison (p)	0.881	0.981	0.077	0.787	0.769
Preferred health provider
Community facility	82.74 ± 12.20	83.0 ± 11.09	80.18 ± 11.69	85.69 ± 9.30	80.29 ± 13.37
Secondary hospital	81.41 ± 11.98	85.00 ± 9.22	78.97 ± 11.47	89.23 ± 12.10	77.05 ± 14.61
Tertiary hospital	82.32 ± 11.74	82.2 ± 11.18	79.24 ± 12.99	88.25 ± 11.97	76.53 ± 14.66
Group comparison (p)	0.809	0.592	0.702	0.012	0.001
Preferred care
TCM	85.18 ± 12.88	86.40 ± 10.02	82.09 ± 12.53	88.75 ± 12.85	80.83 ± 12.90
Western medicine	80.40 ± 11.09	80.37 ± 11.23	76.08 ± 10.85	85.40 ± 12.05	74.59 ± 12.24
Integrated	83.46 ± 12.29	84.43 ± 10.55	82.07 ± 11.49	89.38 ± 10.81	80.80 ± 13.31
Group comparison (p)	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.003	0.000
First visit to the TCM unit
Yes	79.73 ± 11.69	79.9 ± 11.35	77.20 ± 12.15	85.22 ± 12.22	73.13 ± 13.82
No	83.67 ± 12.04	84.4 ± 10.57	80.95 ± 11.73	90.16 ± 11.50	78.42 ± 14.59
Group comparison (p)	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Visits to community health services over the past month
<5	83.89 ± 12.18	85.46 ± 10.27	82.07 ± 11.7	89.34 ± 11.66	79.74 ± 12.52
5–9	81.68 ± 12.00	81.67 ± 11.42	78.40 ± 12.2	87.00 ± 11.56	77.95 ± 13.85
≥10	81.86 ± 11.78	82.01 ± 10.26	77.31 ± 9.00	85.09 ± 12.89	75.34 ± 11.68
Group comparison (p)	0.162	0.001	0.002	0.028	0.071
TCM visits community health services over the past month
<5	84.18 ± 12.21	85.74 ± 10.10	82.22 ± 11.52	89.42 ± 11.56	80.56 ± 12.51
5–9	81.52 ± 11.94	81.36 ± 11.53	78.18 ± 12.31	86.89 ± 11.59	77.15 ± 13.83
≥10	80.81 ± 11.48	81.11 ± 9.99	76.44 ± 8.47	84.44 ± 13.02	74.88 ± 11.30
Group comparison (p)	0.041	0.000	0.000	0.009	0.004
Average TCM cost over the past month (¥)
<50	83.66 ± 11.98	84.17 ± 10.74	80.70 ± 10.71	89.02 ± 11.45	79.65 ± 12.95
50–99	82.37 ± 11.95	82.20 ± 10.74	78.59 ± 12.03	86.91 ± 11.63	77.09 ± 13.08
≥100	80.26 ± 12.88	86.01 ± 12.68	83.22 ± 12.78	88.15 ± 13.96	81.74 ± 13.44
Group comparison (p)	0.230	0.039	0.022	0.211	0.029
TCM modalities received in the current visit
<2	85.70 ± 11.74	84.62 ± 10.82	81.68 ± 11.81	89.08 ± 11.58	78.30 ± 13.99
2	81.48 ± 11.27	82.20 ± 10.35	78.19 ± 10.78	86.98 ± 12.36	76.56 ± 11.95
>2	80.32 ± 12.32	82.48 ± 11.46	78.82 ± 12.25	86.82 ± 11.64	79.55 ± 13.05
Group comparison (p)	0.000	0.100	0.020	0.152	0.150
Purpose of the current visit
Disease treatment	81.57 ± 12.10	82.5 ± 10.67	79.06 ± 11.47	88.70 ± 11.57	76.11 ± 13.55
Preventive care	83.44 ± 11.69	83.9 ± 12.00	80.97 ± 13.26	87.67 ± 12.81	75.98 ± 16.71
Rehabilitation	84.14 ± 12.15	83.9 ± 10.83	80.93 ± 11.93	89.79 ± 11.92	79.56 ± 14.78
Group comparison (p)	0.121	0.416	0.236	0.442	0.086