The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy and Music Therapy on Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Shockwave Lithotripsy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 1
Demographic characteristics of patients.
Variables
Groups
value
Aromatherapy
Music therapy
Combined aromatherapy and music therapy
Control
Gender
Male
32 (77.7)
24 (54.5)
28 (63.6)
27 (61.4)
0.398
Female
12 (27.3)
20 (45.5)
16 (36.4)
17 (38.6)
Age (years) (mean ± SD†)
—
46.0 ± 11.5
42.8 ± 12.2
44.3 ± 10.7
44.0 ± 13.5
0.908
BMIǁ (mean ± SD)
—
26.3 ± 4.2
25.6 ± 3.3
27.0 ± 3.8
25.7 ± 3.8
0.352
Marital status
Single
9 (20.4)
12 (27.2)
7 (15.9)
12 (27.3)
0.591
Married
35 (79.6)
32 (72.8)
37 (84.1)
32 (72.7)
Education
Nonacademic††
32 (72.7)
30 (68.2)
36 (81.8)
36 (81.8)
0.769
Academic
12 (27.3)
14 (21.9)
8 (18.2)
8 (18.2)
Smoking
Yes
12 (27.3)
8 (18.2)
8 (18.1)
7 (16.0)
0.811
No
32(72.7)
36 (81.8)
36 (81.9)
37 (84.0)
Stone size (mm)
<10
9 (20.4)
11 (25.0)
15 (34.1)
15 (34.0)
0.086
11–20
29 (65.9)
29 (65.9)
26 (59.0)
26 (59.2)
>21
6 (16.6)
4 (9.1)
3 (6.9)
3 (6.8)
Stone location
Renal pelvis
13 (29.5)
14 (31.8)
16 (36.4)
15 (34.1)
0.845
Calyx
22 (50.0)
19 (43.2)
20 (45.5)
19 (43.2)
Upper ureteral
9 (20.5)
11 (25.0)
8 (18.2)
9 (20.5)
Middle ureteral
—
—
—
1 (2.3)
Stone laterality
Right
18 (40.1)
23 (52.3)
22 (50.0)
17 (38.6)
0.334
Left
26 (59.9)
21 (47.7)
22 (50.0)
27 (61.4)
Previous history of SWLθ
Yes
21 (47.7)
22 (50.0)
23 (52.3)
22 (50.0)
0.549
No
23 (52.3)
22 (50.0)
21 (47.7)
22 (50.0)
ESWL duration (min) (mean ± SD)
—
26.2 ± 1.9
25.6 ± 2.4
25.3 ± 3.1
25.5 ± 2.5
0.384
ESWL energy (j) (mean ± SD)
—
7.9 ± 0.3
7.9 ± 0.3
7.7 ± 0.5
7.7 ± 0.5
0.041§
Number of ESWL blows (mean ± SD)
—
2333.7 ± 146.8
2285.7 ± 204.3
2251.3 ± 254.7
2284.1 ± 207.9
0.304
Note: † standard deviation, ǁ body mass index; θ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; ‡ nonsignificant; †† high school diploma and less than high school. § The difference is significant at .
