The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy and Music Therapy on Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Shockwave Lithotripsy: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Table 3

Comparison of mean state anxiety before and after intervention in study groups.

Groups	Pretest	Post-test	Difference (post-pre)	Test results
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Aromatherapy	45.8 ± 2.5	47.5 ± 2.2	1.7 ± 3.8	t = 3.104,
Music therapy	46.0 ± 3.2	48.2 ± 2.0	2.2 ± 3.6	t = 3.896,
Combined aromatherapy and music therapy	45.7 ± 3.1	47.9 ± 2.3	2.2 ± 3.9	t = 3.656,
Control	46.5 ± 3.8	45.9 ± 3.5	−0.6 ± 3.4	t = −1.181,
Test results	F = 0.577,	F = 6.765,

Note. Considering the effect of group and intervention, the effect of time on mean anxiety had a significantly increasing trend. Further, the effect of the intervention was significant considering the effect of time and group. In addition, considering the effect of time and intervention, the effect of the group was not significant. ^§The difference is significant at .