Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Effects and Safety of Non-Pharmacological Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Table 1

Summary of review and participant characteristics.
Author, publication yearRegionType of reviewLiterature search datesIncluded primary studies (sample size)Age [mean (SD)]Sex (female, %)Intervention measuresDuration of each treatment (range, minutes)FrequencyTotal duration of treatment (range, weeks)Length of follow-up (range, weeks)OutcomesAssessment tool of RoB in included RCTs
Intervention groupControl group
Xu, 2021ChinaSR + MAInception to January, 20209 (985)NRNRBaduanjin plus usual careUsual care30 to 452 to 7 times/week8 to 24NR6MWT, SAS, and SDSRecommended by Cochrane Library
Xu, 2020ChinaSR + MAInception to 28 November, 20191 (60)NRNRBaduanjinUsual medical exerciseNRTwo times/day and 5 days/week1212SAQRecommended by Cochrane library
6 (540)NRNRBaduanjin plus usual careUsual care20 to 603 to 4 times/week, or 1 to 2 times/day and 3 to 5 times/week1 week to 6 months1 week to 6 monthsSAS, SDS, and SAQ
Zhang, 2020ChinaSR + MAInception to June, 20198 (649)55(8.7)–65(2.2)/40–70(NR)NRTCM exercise therapies plus usual careUsual careNRNR4 to 24NRVO2peak, VO2/HR, SAS, SDS, SAQ, clinical effectsa, CCEsRecommended by Cochrane Library
Luo, 2020ChinaSR + MAJanuary., 2009 to December, 20191 (60)NR23BaduanjinUsual medical exerciseNRNR12NRSAQ, adverse eventsbJadad scale
13(1207)NR41(NR in one study)Baduanjin plus usual careUsual careNRNR1 month to 6 monthsNRSAS, SDS, SAQ, adverse eventsb
Yang, 2019ChinaSR + MAInception to October, 20185 (457)55.34(12.32)–70.3(6.4)32Baduanjin plus usual careUsual careNRNR2 months to 6 monthsNR6MWT, METsRecommended by Cochrane Library
Zhou, 2018ChinaSR + MAInception to 20 June, 20174 (245)NRNRAcupuncture plus usual careUsual careNRNR2 to 8NR6WMT, SAS, SDS, SAQ, clinical effectscRecommended by Cochrane Library
Chen, 2018ChinaSR + MAInception to 31 December, 20161 (60)NRNRTaiji plus joggingJogging60 minutes for Taiji and 30 minutes for jogging5 times/week for Taiji and 7 times/week for jogging6 monthsNRSF-36Recommended by Cochrane Library
2 (192)NRNRTaiji plus usual careUsual care60 or ≥305 times/week6 months or 12 monthsNRMLHFQ, SF-36
Li, 2017ChinaSR + MAInception to 1 July, 20167 (465)NRNRAcupuncture plus usual careUsual careNRNR10 days to 15 daysNRClinical effectsdJadad scale
Li, 2016ChinaSR + MAInception to 1 December, 201514 (1164)45(NR)- 85(NR)NRTCM emotional therapy plus usual careUsual careNRNRNRNRHAMD, SAS, SDS, clinical effectseJadad scale
Zhang, 2015ChinaSR + MAInception to January, 201410 (1092)NRNRAcupuncture plus usual careUsual care, or sham acupuncture plus usual careNRNRNRNRCCEs, clinical effectsd, adverse eventsbRecommended by Cochrane Library
Chen, 2012ChinaSR + MAInception to August, 20112 (206)NRNRAcupunctureUsual careNRNR6 weeks or 30 sessionsNRClinical effectsfand adverse eventsbRecommended by Cochrane library
12 (873)NRNRAcupuncture plus usual careUsual careNRNR10 days to 8 weeks, or 24 sessionsNRCCEsg, clinical effectsf,and adverse eventsb
Nery, 2014BrazilSRInception to July, 20121 (20)68(4)35Tai Chi ChuanPhysical activity counselingNRNR12 monthsNRVO2peakRecommended by Cochrane Library
Abbreviations: 6MWT, 6-minute walking test; CCEs, composite cardiovascular events; ECG, electrocardiograph; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; MA, meta-analysis; METs, metabolic equivalents; MLHFQ, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire; NR, not reported; RCTs, randomized controlled trials; RoB, risk of bias; SAQ, Seattle Angina Questionnaire; SAS, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SD, standard deviation; SDS, Self-Rating Depression Scale; SF-36, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; SR, systematic review; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine; VO2peak, peak oxygen consumption; VO2/HR, oxygen consumption/heart rate. aimprovements in angina symptoms. badverse events related to the intervention. ctotal clinical efficiency, improvements in symptoms and ECG. dimprovements in symptoms and ECG. etotal clinical efficiency. fimprovements in angina symptoms and ECG, time to onset of angina relief in response to treatment. gnon-fatal myocardial infarction.