Supplementation with the Traditional Thai Polyherbal Medicine NawaTab Ameliorates Lipid Profiles in High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

Table 1

Reported hypolipidemic effects of nine medicinal plants used for the preparation of Nawametho.

Medicinal plants [parts used/voucher specimen No]	Reported hypolipidemic effects [references]	Proposed active constituents [references]
Aegle marmelos (L.)	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [1]	Halfordinol, ethyl ether aegeline, and esculetin [1]
(Fruits/MTM08-01)	(−) TC, TG, FFA; (+) HDL-C (STZ-induced diabetic rats) [2]	Aegeline 2 [2]
Carthamus tinctorius L.	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [3]	Hydroxysafflor yellow A [3]
(Flowers/MTM08-23)	(−) TC, TG, LDL-C; (+) HDL-C (hyperlipidemic mice) [3]
Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.	Antipancreatic lipase activity (IC50∼160–790 mg/mL) [4]	Delphinidins [4]
(Flowers/ARDA18-05)	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [5]
	(−) L-TC, L-TG, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C
	(Hyperlipidemic hamsters [5] and rats [6])
Phyllanthus emblica L.	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [7]	Digallic acid [8]
(Fruits/MTM08-72)	(−) TC (high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia rats) [8]
	(−) LDL-C; (+) HDL-C (fructose-fed ovariectomized rats) [9]
Piper longum L.	Antipancreatic lipase activity (IC50∼0.175 mg/mL) [10]	Oil [10]
(Flowers/ARDA18-06)	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [11]	Piperlonguminine [11]
	(−) L-TC, L-TG, TC, TG, LDL-C, (+) HDL-C	Piperlonguminine, piperine, [12] and pipernonaline
	(Cholesterol-rich diet-induced hyperlipidemia rats) [12]
Piper nigrum L.	Antipancreatic lipase activity (0.03 μg/mL orlistat eq.) [13]
(Fruits/MTM08-78)	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [14]	Piperine [14]
	(−) body weight, total fat, %fat, TC, TG, FFA,	Piperonal [15]
	(−) LDL-C, (+) HDL-C (HFD-induced obese rats) [15]
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.	Antipancreatic lipase activity (65.71 μg/mL) [16]	Gallic acid [16]
(Fruits/MTM08-91)	(−) TC, TG, LDL-C/HDL-C (spontaneously obese type 2 diabetic TSOD mice) [16] (−) TC, TG, phospholipid (cholesterol-rich diet-induced hyperlipidemia rabbits) [17]
Terminalia chebula Retz.	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [18]	Gallic acid [18]
(Fruits/MTM08-92)	(−) TC, TG, phospholipid (cholesterol-rich diet-induced hyperlipidemia rabbits) [17] (−) TC, TG, (+) HDL-C
	(Atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats) [19]
Zingiber officinale Roscoe.	Antipancreatic lipase activity (65.71 μg/mL) [20]	Galanolactone [22]
(Rhizome/MTM08-98)	Inhibition of adipogenesis (3T3-L1 cells) [21]
	(−) TC, TG, (+) HDL-C (STZ-induced dyslipidemia diabetic rats) [22]

TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; L-TC, liver total cholesterol; L-TG, liver triglycerides; FFA, free fatty acid; STZ, streptozotocin.