Comparative Studies on a Standardized Subfraction of Red Onion Peel Ethanolic Extract (Plant Substance), Quercetin (Pure Compound), and Their Cell Mechanism and Metabolism on MDA-MB-231

Figure 3

Flow cytometry of treated MDA-MB-231 cells on cell cycle after 72 h treatment. (a) Histograms of the cell cycle distribution of MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment by flow cytometry. (A) MDA-MB-231 was treated with 0.1% DMSO for 24 h (control), (B) DMSO-treated for 48 h, (C) DMSO-treated for 72 h, (D) 50 μg/mL F1-treated for 24 h, (E) 50 μg/mL F1-treated for 48 h, (F) 50 μg/mL F1-treated for 72 h, (G) 60 μg/mL quercetin-treated for 24 h, (H) 60 μg/mL quercetin-treated for 48 h, and (I) 60 μg/mL quercetin-treated for 72 h. The vertical (y) axis represents cell number, whereas the horizontal (x) axis represents a channel. (b) Analyzed cell cycle profile of F1 (50 μg/mL) and quercetin (60 μg/mL) in MDA-MB-231 cells after (A) 24 h, (B) 48 h, and (C) 72 h of treatment. Each dataset represents the mean of two independent experiments with triplicate readings each. Significant differences were analyzed versus control using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test indicated as ; <0.01; and <0.001. Control: DMSO-treated cells.

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