Antibiofilm Activity of Azadirachta indica and Catharanthus roseus and Their Synergistic Effects in Combination with Antimicrobial Agents against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans Strains and MRSA
Table 5
Diameter of inhibition zone of ethanolic extracts of A. indica and C. roseus against clinical isolates fluconazole-resistant C. albicans strains and MRSA (NCTC 12493).
Plants (ethanol extracts)
Conc. (w/v %)
Zone of inhibition (mm) (mean ± SEM)
CA1
CA2
CA3
CA4
MRSA (NCTC12493)
AI
40
17.33 ± 0.33
15.67 ± 0.33
15.33 ± 0.33
19.33 ± 0.33
19.333 ± 0.67
20
13.66 ± 0.33
11.67 ± 0.33
13.67 ± 0.33
13.00 ± 0.578
13.000 ± 0.58
10
10.33 ± 0.33
6.33 ± 0.33
10.67 ± 0.33
10.67 ± 0.33
10.667 ± 0.33
CR
40
16.00 ± 0.57
13.0 ± 0.58
16.67 ± 0.33
14.33 ± 0.333
17.667 ± 0.33
20
11.667 ± 0.33
10.67 ± 0.33
14.33 ± 0.33
12.33 ± 0.333
11.000 ± 0.58
10
0.000 ± 0.00
9.33 ± 0.33
11.33 ± 0.33
9.67 ± 0.333
6.667 ± 0.67
Positive control (fluconazole, 25 μg)
NI
NI
NI
NI
—
D/control (tetracycline, 10 μg)
—
—
—
—
—
27.33 ± 1.200
Negative control (20% DMSO)
NI
NI
NI
NI
NI
Values are shown in triplicate and represented as mean ± SEM. AI: Azadirachta indica, CR: Catharanthus roseus, CA1: Candida albicans 1, CA2: Candida albicans 2, CA3: Candida albicans 3, CA4: Candida albicans 4, and NI: no inhibition.
