Global Perspective of Plant-Based Cosmetic Industry and Possible Contribution of Sri Lanka to the Development of Herbal Cosmetics

Table 1

Examples for plant-derived essential oils used in cosmetic products.

Vernacular name	Scientific name	Functional property/properties	Reference(s)
Basil	Ocimum basilicum L.	Fragrance	[11]
		Antimicrobial properties
Bay	Laurus nobilis L.	Fragrance	[11]
Bergamot oil	Citrus bergamia Risso	Fragrance	[19]
Calamus	Acorus calamus L.	Use in aromatherapy	[11]
Caraway	Carum carvi L.	Fragrance flavouring agent (mouth washes, toothpastes)	[11]
Cardamom	Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton	Use in aromatherapy	[11]
Carrot seed	Daucus carota L.	Use in aromatherapy	[11]
Citron	Citrus medica L.	Fragrance	[11]
		Antimicrobial properties
Citronella oil	Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor	Fragrance	[11, 19]
Clary sage	Salvia sclarea L.	Fragrance	[11]
Garden sage	Salvia officinalis L.
Spanish sage	Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl
Clove	Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry	Antimicrobial properties	[11, 20]
German chamomile	Matricaria chamomilla L.	Herbaceous odour	[17, 20]
		Anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties
Immortelle	Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don	Fragrance	[17]
		Stimulates blood circulation in the skin and regenerates the skin
		Antiwrinkle properties
Jasmine oil	Jasminum officinale L.	Flowery fragrance	[19]
Lavender	Lavandula angustifolia Mill.	Sweet floral aroma	[11, 17, 20, 21]
		Anti-inflammatory, carminative, and sedative
		Headache-relieving properties
		Skin-healing properties
Lemon	Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck	Antimicrobial properties	[11, 20]
Mint oil	Mentha × piperita L.	Fragrance	[11, 19, 20]
Neroli	Citrus × aurantium L.	Antimicrobial properties and antidepressant properties	[11, 17]
		Antiseptic properties
		Carminative
		Sedative properties
Patchouli oil	Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth.	Fragrance	[11, 19]
Rose oil	Rosa × damascena Herrm.		[17, 19]
		Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and moisturizing dry skin
		Cleansing properties
Rosemary oil	Rosmarinus officinalis L.	Fragrance (is widely used for hair care), nourishes the hair	[17, 19]
		Promotes hair growth
		Antidandruff properties
		Prevents hair loss
Sandal oil	Santalum album L.	Fragrance	[11, 19]
Spike lavender	Lavandula latifolia Medik.	Antibacterial properties
		Antiviral properties,
		Anti-inflammatory, and nourishing properties
Sri Lanka cinnamon	Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume	Fragrance	[11]
		Antimicrobial properties
Star anise	Illicium verum Hook.f.	Fragrance	[11]
Sweet orange	Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck	Antiseptic properties	[11, 20]
		Sedative
		Carminative
		Tonic
Tea tree oil	Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel	Fragrance	[17, 20]
	Melaleuca linariifolia Sm.	Antiseptic properties
	Melaleuca dissitiflora F.Muell.	Antifungal properties
		Anti-inflammatory
Vetiver oil	Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty	Fragrance	[11, 19]