Global Perspective of Plant-Based Cosmetic Industry and Possible Contribution of Sri Lanka to the Development of Herbal Cosmetics

Table 5

Most common herbal plants used for cosmetics and toiletries in India.

Category	Source plant	English name	Plant part	Function and usage	Reference(s)
Skin care	Mangifera indica L.	Mango	Plant	Antioxidant properties	[109, 111]
	Juniperus communis L.	Juniper	Whole plant	Rejuvenation properties	[109, 111]
	Cuscuta reflexa Roxb.	Dodder	Plant	Antimicrobial properties	[109, 111]
	Phyllanthus emblica L.	Indian gooseberry	Fruit	Antioxidant properties	[109, 111–113]
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	Winter cherry	Whole plant	Antioxidant properties	[109, 111]
	Cullen corylifolium (L.) Medik.	Psoralea	Seeds	Antimicrobial properties	[109, 111]
	Matricaria chamomilla L.	Chamomile	Leaves	Antiacne properties, skin fairness properties	[109, 111]
	Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb	Almond	Kernel	Antiacne properties	[109, 113]
				Skin fairness properties
	Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers.	Giant crape-myrtle	Leaves	Antiaging properties	[109]
	Cydonia oblonga Mill.	Quince	Seeds	Beautification and skin protection	[109, 111]
	Genus Arctium	Burdock	Root	Deep cleaning the pores and purifying the surface of the skin	[109]
	Jasminum grandiflorum L.	Spanish Jasmine	Flowers	Controlling skin diseases, protecting from sunburn	[109, 111]
	Santalum album L.	Sandalwood	Hardwood	Antioxidant properties and beautification	[109, 111]
	Salvia hispanica L.	Chia	Seeds	Antiaging properties	[109]
	Euphorbia thymifolia L.	Milk wort	Plant	Antimicrobial properties	[109, 111]
	Cucumis sativus L.	Cucumber	Peel	Cooling, toning, and skin-tightening properties	[109, 111]
	Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.	Bastard teak	Leaves and seeds	Antifungal properties	[109, 111]
	Allium sativum L.	Garlic	Cloves	Controlling sores, pimples, and acne	[109, 111]
	Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.	Aloe	Leaves	Improving skin smoothness, healing, controlling skin burn	[109, 111]
	Genus Vitis	Grape	Seeds	Protecting skin elasticity	[109, 113]
	Curcuma longa L.	Turmeric	Rhizome	Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties	[109, 111–113]
	Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link	Thumbai	Leaves	Controlling scabies, skin psoriasis, chronic skin, skin eruption, and eczema	[109, 111]
	Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg.	Monkey face tree	Flowers	Controlling scabies ringworm, leprous eruption	[109, 111]
	Mimosa pudica L.	Humble plant	Herb	Controlling itching	[109]
	Rosa × damascena Herrm.	Damask rose	Flowers	For beautification, smoothness, and protection from sunburns	[109, 111, 113]
	Lavandula vera DC.	Lavender	Inflorescence	Antiacne properties	[109, 111]
	Lepidium meyenii Walp.	Maca	Root	Promoting elasticity and maintaining the suppleness of the skin	[109]
	Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.	Tree of heaven	Leaves	Checking skin eruption	[109, 111]
	Zea mays L.	Maize	Stigma	Rejuvenation properties	[109, 111]
	Cocos nucifera L.	Coconut	Kernel	For skin itching and rashes	[109, 111, 113]
	Azadirachta indica A.Juss.	Neem	Bark, seeds, fruits and leaves	Antioxidant properties	[109, 111–113]
	Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck	Lemon	Fruit	Reducing skin itching and nourishing the skin	[109, 111]
	Senna tora (L.) Roxb.	Sickle senna	Leaves and seed	Antimicrobial properties	[109, 111]
	Carica papaya L.	Papaya	Leaves and seed	Improving skin softness and removing blemishes	[109, 111]
	Plukenetia volubilis L.	Mountain peanut		Promoting skin elasticity	[109]
	Genus Hippophae	Sea buckthorn		Nourishing the skin	[109]
	Genus Helianthus	Sunflower		Enhancing the brightness of the skin	[109, 113]
	Sesamum indicum L.	Sesame	Seeds	Rejuvenation properties	[109, 111]
	Ocimum basilicum L.	Basil	Leaves	Protecting from skin infections and rejuvenation properties	[109, 111]
	Pistia stratiotes L.	Water lettuce	Leaves	Controlling chronic skin disorders	[109, 111]
	Justicia adhatoda L.	Malabar nut	Leaves	Protecting skin and controlling scabies	[109, 111]
Hair care	Juglans regia L.	Walnut	Leaves and hull	Hair dyeing	[109, 113]
	Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.	Aloe	Gel	Dissolving the dead skin cells and excessive sebum that can clog hair follicles	[109, 113]
	Phyllanthus emblica L.	Indian gooseberry	Fruit	Promoting hair growth	[109, 111, 114]
	Ocimum basilicum L.	Basil		Anti-inflammatory properties, strengthening hair against breakage, and improving circulation in the hair follicles, which helps to stimulate growth	[109]
	Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.	False daisy	Herb	Encouraging hair growth	[109, 111, 112]
	Thymus serpyllum L.	Wild thyme	Herb	Useful for preparing hair tonics	[109, 111]
	Ficus racemosa L.	Cluster fig	Aerial root	Checking falling hairs	[109, 111]
	Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.	Belleric myrobalans	Seeds	Use for hair dyingpreparation	[109, 111]
	Betula pendula Roth	Birch	Leaves	Antidandruff properties	[109, 111]
	Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.	Pennywort	Whole plant	Improving circulation and promoting stronger hair growth	[109, 111, 114]
	Terminalia chebula Retz.	Ginger	Seeds	Use in hair care formulations	[109, 111]
	Lawsonia inermis L.	Henna	Leaves	Use for hair dyeing and nourishment	[109, 111–114]
	Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC.	Spikenard	Rhizome	Use in hair tonics for growth	[109, 111, 112, 114]
	Lavandula angustifolia Mill.	Lavender	Inflorescence	Stimulating circulation in the scalp, strengthening new hair growth, and helping balance the natural oil production of the scalp	[109]
	Calendula officinalis L.	Marigold	Flowers	Smoothening effect of hair	[109, 111]
	Brassica spp.	Mustard	Seeds	Nourishing the hair	[109, 111]
	Cocos nucifera L.	Coconut	Kernel	Use for preparing hair oils and tonics	[109, 111, 113, 114]
	Mentha × piperita L.	Peppermint		Use as a healing scalp treatment	[109]
	Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.	Soap nut	Fruit coat	Natural shampoo and cleansing hair	[109, 111]
	Carthamus tinctorius L.	Safflower		Use in hair tonics	[109, 111]
	Salvia officinalis L.	Sage		Use as a hair conditioner	[109, 111]
	Acacia concinna (Willd.) DC.	Soap pod	Pods	Use as hair cleanser and for control of dandruff	[109, 111, 112, 114]
	Sesamum indicum L.	Sesame	Seeds	Major source of hair oils and use for preparing specific hair oils	[109, 111, 114]
	Nasturtium officinale R.Br.	Watercress		Supporting the stronger hair growth	[109]
Oral care	Achyranthes aspera L.	Prickly chaff flower	Root	Use as a toothbrush, good for dental caries	[115]
	Argemone mexicana L.	Mexican pricklypoppy	Seeds	Good for gum troubles	[115]
	Azadirachta indica A.Juss.	Neem	Twigs	Use to clean teeth and is considered good for dental caries and gum infection	[113, 115]
	Berberis lycium Royle	Indian lycium	Peeled stem	Considered good for scouring teeth	[115]
	Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand.	Sodom	Latex	Used for toothache	[115]
	Capsicum annuum L.	Paprika	Fruits	Good for toothache	[115]
	Senna occidentalis (L.) Link	Coffee senna	Leaves	Use for scouring teeth	[115]
	Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees & Eberm.	Bay leaf	Leaves	Use for scouring teeth	[115]
				Good for gum inflammation
	Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck	Lemon	Leaves	Use for scouring teeth	[115]
				Good as a mouth freshener
	Citrus medica L.	Citron	Leaves and rind of fruits	Good for scouring teeth	[115]
	Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.	East Indian arrowroot	Rhizome	Appling on gums for pyorrhoea	[115]
	Ficus hispida L.f.	Hairy fig	Latex	Use for toothache	[115]
	Ipomoea carnea Jacq.	Bush morning glory	Leaves	Good for toothache	[115]
	Jatropha curcas L.	Physic nut	Twigs	Use as a toothbrush	[115]
				Good against dental caries
	Juglans regia L.	Walnut	Bark and leaves	Use for scouring teeth	[115]
	Mangifera indica L.	Mango	Leaves	Use for scouring teeth	[115]
	Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.	Curry leaf	Stem	Use for scouring teeth and for healthy gums	[115]
	Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K.Koch	Pecan	Leaves	Used for scouring teeth	[115]
				Good for gums
	Plumbago zeylanica L.	Ceylon leadwort	Stem	Good for scouring teeth	[115]
	Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don	Wild Himalayan cherry	Twigs	Use for scouring teeth	[115]
	Psidium guajava L.	Guava	Leaves and stem	Use for scouring teeth	[115]
	Robinia pseudoacacia L.	Black locust	Bark	Good for toothache	[115]
	Vitex negundo L.	Chinese chaste tree	Twigs	Good for cleaning teeth	[115]
				Good for pyorrhoea, gum inflammation, dental caries
	Zanthoxylum armatum DC.	Winged prickly ash	Twigs	Use for scouring teeth	[115]