Phytochemical Characteristics and Anti-Inflammatory, Immunoregulatory, and Antioxidant Effects of Portulaca oleracea L.: A Comprehensive Review

Figure 3

Possible mechanisms of antioxidant effects of P. oleracea and its constituents. ABTS: antioxidant capacity determined by radical cation; FRAP: ferric-reducing antioxidant power; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; DPPH: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl; TEAC: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; CAT: catalase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH: glutathione; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; GSSG: glutathione disulfide.