Naringin Prevents Cognitive Dysfunction in Aging Rats by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB Pathway and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Figure 1

Naringin attenuates D-galactose-induced spatial learning and memory dysfunction in rats. (a)–(c): the effects of naringin on escape latency (a), the number of target quadrant crossing (b), and the time spent in the target quadrant (c) in aging rats observed through the Morris water maze test; (d)–(f): the novel object recognition test was applied to assess the effects of naringin on novel object exploration recognition index (d), percentage of time spent exploring familiar objects and novel objects (e), and percentage of time spent in contextual and context fear conditioning tests (f) in aging rats.  < 0.05,  < 0.01, vs. control;  < 0.05 and  < 0.01, vs. D-gal.

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