Quality of Life and Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines among Narcotics Anonymous Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southeast Iran
Table 2
Clinical characteristics of the participants and their relation with overall quality of life using among the participants.
Variable
Frequency (percent)
Overall quality of life
Statistical test ( value)
Mean
SD
Age of first drug use (years)
≤18
68 (36.0)
65.44
22.97
F = 1.36 (0.26)
19–30
111 (58.7)
64.19
23.38
>30
10 (5.3)
52.50
24.15
History of drug use (years)
<5
45 (23.8)
61.67
25.48
F = 0.72 (0.49)
5–10
62 (32.8)
62.70
22.0
>10
82 (43.4)
66.31
23.13
History of withdrawal (years)
<5
124 (65.6)
62.90
23.48
F = 1.37 (0.26)
5–10
46 (24.3)
63.59
19.90
>10
19 (10.1)
72.37
29.34
Being an NA member (years)
<5
113 (59.8)
62.50
23.02
F = 2.97 (0.05)
5–10
51 (27.0)
62.25
22.98
>10
25 (13.2)
74.50
23.52
History of mental disorders
Yes
24 (12.7)
59.38
21.25
t = −1.04 (0.30)
No
165 (87.3)
64.70
23.59
History of physical disorders
Yes
28 (14.8)
66.96
25.51
t = 0.72 (0.47)
No
161 (85.2)
63.51
22.96
History of opium and its derivatives usage
Yes
138 (73.0)
68.21
20.71
t = 4.24 (<0.001)
No
51 (27.0)
52.70
26.26
History of glass/ice
Yes
71 (37.6)
60.03
26.53
t = −1.83 (0.07)
No
118 (62.4)
66.42
20.91
History of crack
Yes
17 (9.0)
58.82
29.24
t = −0.96 (0.34)
No
172 (91.0)
64.53
22.69
History of marijuana use
Yes
32 (16.9)
55.86
23.76
t = −2.19 (0.03)
No
157 (83.1)
65.68
22.95
History of cocaine use
Yes
11 (5.8)
57.95
37.61
Z = −0.43 (0.67)
No
178 (94.2)
64.40
22.25
History of other drug uses
Yes
53 (28.0)
62.03
28.79
Z = −0.04 (0.96)
No
136 (72.0)
64.80
20.87
History of family member/close friend/close relatives addiction
Yes
152 (80.4)
64.56
23.66
t = 0.64 (0.52)
No
37 (19.6)
61.82
22.04
History of unsuccessful withdrawal
Yes
158 (83.6)
65.19
24.04
t = 1.56 (0.12)
No
31 (16.4)
58.06
18.41
SD: standard deviation, NA = narcotics anonymous, t = independent t-test, F = ANOVA, and Z = Mann–Whitney U. Opium is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.
