Chemical Composition and Antifungal and Antibiofilm Effects of Vitex pseudo-negundo Essential Oil against Pathogenic Fungal Strains
Table 2
Antifungal effects of the Vitex pseudo-negundo EOs on the yeast and mold strains based on broth microdilution method.
Fungi
ATCC/CBS
Leaf
Flower
Fruit
Fluconazole
MIC90 (μl/mL)
MFC (μl/mL)
MIC90 (μl/mL)
MFC (μl/mL)
MIC90 (μl/mL)
MFC (μl/mL)
MIC (μl/mL)
Standard strains
C. albicans
A (10261)
64
>64
16
64
32
64
4
C. glabrata
A (90030)
16
32
16
>64
8
32
32
C. dubliniensis
A (8501)
32
64
32
64
4
32
2
C. krusei
A (6258)
16
64
8
64
4
16
32
C. tropicalis
A (750)
16
64
16
>64
8
64
8
C. parapsilosis
A (4344)
32
>64
32
>64
16
64
4
Cryptococcus neoformans
A (9011)
2
8
4
8
4
8
2
A. flavus
A (64025)
R
R
R
R
64
—
64
A. clavatus
C (514.65)
R
R
R
R
64
—
64
A. fumigatus
A (14110)
R
R
R
R
64
—
64
T. rubrum
—
4
32
—
—
4
32
—
M. gypseum
—
64
64
—
—
64
>64
—
E. floccosum
—
2
8
—
—
2
16
—
Azole-sensitive clinical isolates
C. albicans
S (608)
64
64
64
>64
32
64
8
C. albicans
S (615)
64
64
64
64
16
64
4
C. albicans
S (538)
32
64
16
>64
8
64
16
Azole-resistant clinical isolates
C. albicans
R (625)
64
64
64
64
32
>64
>64
C. albicans
R (634)
64
64
64
64
32
64
>64
C. albicans
R (2303)
32
64
16
64
32
64
>64
Note. ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, CBS: Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures, R: resistance, S: sensitive, MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration, and MFC: minimum fungicidal concentration.
