Indigenous Knowledge of the Traditional Use of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants in Rif Mountains Ketama District

Table 2

List of plants used by the population of Ketama.

Scientific names of species and families	Parts used	Preparation	Medicinal uses	FC	RFC		UV	FUV
Amaranthaceae								0.004
Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants	Leaf	Raw	Sedative	1	0.004	1	0.004
Amaryllidaceae								0.006
Allium cepa L.	Bulb	Raw	Hypotensive	1	0.004	1	0.004
Allium sativum L.	Bulb	Raw	Hair care, headache	2	0.008	2	0.008
Apiaceae								0.010
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss	Leaf	Infusion, decoction	Stomachic, kidney pains, intestinal pains	3	0.012	3	0.012
Foeniculum vulgare Mill	Seed	Infusion, cooked	Rheumatic pains, intestinal pains	2	0.008	2	0.008
Apocynaceae								0.024
Nerium oleander L.	Stem, powder, rhizome, leaf	Decoction, cataplasm	Cutaneous infections, relaxant, skin wounds, antiseptic, rheumatic pains, intestinal pains	6	0.024	6	0.024
Aristolochiaceae								0.012
Aristolochia longa L.	Leaf, whole plant	Infusion, cataplasm, raw	Cutaneous infections, diabetes, hypoglycemic	5	0.020	3	0.012
Asparagaceae								0.004
Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn.	Bulb	Raw	Ocular infections	1	0.004	1	0.004
Cactaceae								0.012
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.	Flowers, fruit, bark	Decoction, cataplasm, raw	Skin ulcers, urinary infections, intestinal pains	3	0.012	3	0.012
Cannabaceae								0.032
Cannabis sativa L.	Flowers, seed, leaf, whole plant	Catapalsm, raw, cooked	Skin protection, hair tonic, respiratory infections, sedative, cancer, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, hair care	13	0.052	8	0.032
Caryophyllaceae								0.004
Herniaria hirsuta L.	Leaf, whole plant	Infusion	Against kidney stones	3	0.012	1	0.004
Cistaceae								0.008
Cistus albidus L.	Seed, leaf	Infusion, decoction, cataplasm	Intestinal pains, respiratory infections, cutaneous infections, hypotensive, hypoglycemic	12	0.048	5	0.020
Cistus ladanifer L.	Seed, leaf	Infusion, decoction	Intestinal pains	3	0.012	1	0.004
Cistus laurifolius L.	Seed, leaf	Cooked	Hypotensive	3	0.012	1	0.004
Cistus salviifolius L.	Seed, leaf	Infusion, decoction	Gastric pains	2	0.008	1	0.004
Compositae								0.013
Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag.	Whole plant	Raw	Intestinal pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Artemisia arborescens (Vaill.) L.	Leaf	Infusion	Gastric pains, sedative	2	0.008	2	0.008
Artemisia herba-alba Asso	Stem, flowers, leaf	Infusion, decoction, cataplasm, cooked	Skin wounds, skin protection, rheumatic pains, intestinal pains, hypotensive	7	0.028	5	0.020
Cyanus triumfettii (All.)	Stem	Decoction	Rheumatic pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter	Flowers, leaf, whole plant	Decoction, cataplasm, cooked	Gastric pains, skin wounds, respiratory infections, rheumatic pains, skin ulcers, asthma, skin protection, cutaneous infections, hypotensive	14	0.056	9	0.036
Scolymus hispanicus L.	Stem	Cooked	Intestinal pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Cupressaceae								0.016
Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast.	Leaf	Infusion, decoction	Skin wounds, antipruritic, rheumatic pains, cold	4	0.016	4	0.016
Ericaceae								0.008
Arbutus unedo L.	Flowers, fruit	Decoction, cataplasm	Gastric pains, intestinal pains	2	0.008	2	0.008
Fagaceae								0.006
Quercus faginea Lam.	Seed, leaf	Decoction, raw	Gastric pains	3	0.012	1	0.004
Quercus ilex L.	Brak	Infusion	Gastric pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Quercus suber L.	Fruit, bark, leaf	Decoction, cataplasm, cooked	Hypoglycemic, spasmolytic, skin wounds	3	0.012	3	0.012
Quercus rotundifolia Lam.	Leaf	Infusion	Gastric pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Juglandaceae								0.020
Juglans regia L.	Brak, rhizome	Infusion, raw	Osteoarticular diseases, moth infections, intestinal pains, tooth care, dental hygiene	8	0.032	5	0.020
Lamiaceae								0.026
Rosmarinus officinalis L.	Stem, flowers, leaf, whole plant	Infusion, decoction	Rheumatic pains, stomachic, gastric pains, anti-inflammatory, intestinal pains, hypotensive, spasmolytic, respiratory infections, cold, urinary infections, cutaneous infections	16	0.064	11	0.044
Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut.	Leaf, whole plant	Decoction, cataplasm	Skin wounds, respiratory infections, spasmolytic	4	0.016	3	0.012
Thymus serpyllum L.	Flowers, leaf, whole plant	Infusion, decoction cataplasm, raw	Respiratory infections, spasmolytic, analgesic, stomachic, hypotensive, gastric pains, hypoglycemic, intestinal pains, cold, rheumatic pains, asthma	35	0.139	11	0.044
Thymus vulgaris	Leaf	Decoction	Rheumatic pains, intestinal pains, respiratory infections	3	0.012	3	0.012
Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb	Whole plant	Infusion	Rheumatic pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Mentha × rotundifolia (L.) Huds.	Leaf	Infusion, decoction	Asthma, respiratory infections	3	0.012	2	0.008
Mentha pulegium L.	Stem, flowers, leaf	Infusion, decoction, cataplasm, cooked	Respiratory infections, stomachic, gastric pains, cold, laxative, intestinal pains, asthma, hypotensive	33	0.131	8	0.032
Lavandula x abrialis L	Leaf, seed, whole plant	Infusion, decoction, cataplasm	Respiratory infections, rheumatic pains, spasmolytic, analgesic, skin wounds	8	0.032	5	0.020
Lavandula stoechas L	Flowers, leaf, whole plant	Infusion, decoction	Stomachic, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, intestinal pains	7	0.028	4	0.016
Ocimum basilicum L.	Whole plant	Cooked	Intestinal pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Origanum compactum Benth	Stem, flowers, leaf, whole plant	Infusion, decoction, raw	Intestinal pains, rheumatic pains, gastric pains, respiratory infections, hypoglycemic, urinary infections, spasmolytic, diabetes, stimulant, stomachic pains, diuretic	33	0.131	11	0.044
Origanum majorana L.	Leaf	Infusion	Gastric pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Mentha × piperita L.	Flowers, whole plant, leaf	Infusion, decoction, cataplasm, cooked	Cold, digestive infections, diabetes, analgesic, skin wounds, cold, rheumatic pains, urinary infections	14	0.056	8	0.032
Marrubium vulgare L.	Whole plant	Cataplasm	Respiratory infections	1	0.004	1	0.004
Melissa officinalis L.	Stem, leaf	Infusion, decoction, cataplasm	Respiratory infections, rheumatic pains	3	0.012	2	0.008
Salvia officinalis L.	Leaf	Decoction	Gastric pains, hypoglycemic, relaxant	3	0.012	3	0.012
Lauraceae								0.004
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl	Brak	Infusion	Stimulant	1	0.004	1	0.004
Laurus nobilis L.	Leaf	Infusion	Sedative	1	0.004	1	0.004
Leguminosae								0.016
Trigonella foenum-graecum L.	Seed	Infusion, decoction	Hypotensive, gastric pains	3	0.012	2	0.008
Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb	Flowers, leaf	Decoction, cataplasm, raw	Dermatitis, skin ulcers, hypoglycemic, gastric pains, skin wounds, cutaneous infections	6	0.024	6	0.024
Lythraceae								0.006
Punica granatum L.	Fruit, leaf	Infusion	Gastric pains	2	0.008	1	0.004
Lawsonia inermis L.	Leaf	Infusion	Laxative, hair tonic	4	0.016	2	0.008
Malvaceae								0.004
Malva sylvestris L.	Rhizome	Infusion	Haemorrhoids	1	0.004	1	0.004
Moraceae								0.008
Ficus carica L.	Fruit	Raw	Laxative, hypotensive	3	0.012	2	0.008
Myrtaceae								0.004
Myrtus communis L.	Whole plant	Cooked	Hair tonic	1	0.004	1	0.004
Oleaceae								0.008
Olea europaea var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr	Fruit	Infusion, cataplasm	Hypoglycemic, cutaneous infections	2	0.008	2	0.008
Parmeliaceae								0.004
Evernia prunastri	Whole plant	Cataplasm	Cutaneous infections	1	0.004	1	0.004
Pinaceae								0.004
Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex Carrière	Leaf	Raw	Intestinal pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Pinus pinaster Aiton	Fruit	Infusion	Diabetes	1	0.004	1	0.004
Plantaginaceae								0.004
Plantago major L	Leaf	Infusion	Skin wounds	1	0.004	1	0.004
Poaceae								0.004
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.	Whole plant	Infusion	Gastric pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.	Seed	Infusion	Osteoarticular diseases	1	0.004	1	0.004
Triticum aestivum L.	Whole plant	Cooked	Skin ulcers	1	0.004	1	0.004
Polygonaceae								0.004
Emex spinosa (L.) Campd	Rhizome	Decoction	Skin ulcers	1	0.004	1	0.004
Ranunculaceae								0.008
Nigella sativa L.	Seed	Decoction	Hypotensive, urinair infections	2	0.008	2	0.008
Rhamnaceae								0.012
Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam	Leaf	Decoction	Rheumatic pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Rosaceae
Crataegus monogyna Jacq.	Fruit, leaf	Decoction	Gastric pains	2	0.008	1	0.004
Rubus fruticosus G.N.Jones	Fruit, leaf, brak	Decoction	Hair tonic, gastric pains, skin wounds, hypoglycemia, respiratory infections, skin ulcers	10	0.040	6	0.024
Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A.Webb	Fruit	Cataplasm	Mixture for break bones	1	0.004	1	0.004
Prunus amygdaloides Schltr.	Leaf	Infusion, raw	Respiratory infections, gastric pains, hair tonic	3	0.012	3	0.012
Rutaceae								0.004
Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck	Seed	Cooked	Skin ulcer	1	0.004	1	0.004
Ruta chalepensis L.	Leaf	Infusion	Gastric pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Salicaceae								0.004
Populus alba L.	Leaf	Decoction	Skin ulcer	1	0.004	1	0.004
Salix alba L.	Leaf	Infusion	Gastric pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Solanaceae								0.004
Atropa belladona L.	Leaf	Infusion	Gastric pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Hyoscyamus albus L.	Seed	Cooked	Sedative	1	0.004	1	0.004
Solanum melongena L.	Fruit	Cooked	Hypotensive	1	0.004	1	0.004
Styracaceae								0.004
Styrax benzoin Dryand.	Stem	Cataplasm	Rheumatic pains	1	0.004	1	0.004
Thymelaeaceae								0.024
Daphne gnidium L.	Flowers, bark, leaf, whole plant	Infusion, decoction, cataplasm, raw	Hair tonic, sedative, stomachic, gastric pains, respiratory infections, skin wounds	10	0.040	6	0.024
Urticaceae								0.020
Urtica dioica L.	Leaf, whole plant	Decoction, cataplasm	Laxative, hair tonic, skin wounds, rheumatic pains, kidney stones	5	0.020	5	0.020
Verbenaceae								0.024
Aloysia citriodora Palau	Leaf	Infusion, decoction	Hypoglycemic, gastric pains, spasmolytic, stimulant, diabetes, respiratory infections	7	0.028	6	0.024
Xanthorrhoeaceae								0.004
Asphodelus ramosus L.	Bulb	Raw	Eczema	1	0.004	1	0.004
Zygophyllaceae								0.004
Etraena gaetula (Emb. & Maire) Beier & Thulin	Flowers	Cataplasm	Cutaneous infections	1	0.004	1	0.004