| Publications | ROB items | Random sequence generation (Selection bias) | Allocation concealment (Selection bias) | Blinding of participants & personnel (Performance bias) | Blinding of outcome assessors (Detection bias) | Incomplete outcome data (Attrition bias) | Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Other bias |
| Fei Li, 1999 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Yunjing Jin, 2002 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Mingxia Jiang, 2004 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Hua Yang, 2005 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Shuyi Song, 2008 | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Borong Zhou, 2008 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Dongmei Chang, 2009 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Lijun Jia, 2008 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Ying Gao, 2011 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiangdong Luo, 2011 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Zhi Shang, 2011 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Hongfen Chen, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Haiqiu Liang, 2012 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Kui Lin, 2012 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Qiongfen Wu, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Guoxiang Hu, 2013 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Yan Han, 2014 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Guosheng Zhang, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiangyong Feng, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yuanlin Li, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Zhiqing Wang, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Jing Zhao, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yan Cao, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Xulin Ke, 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Song Li, 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yuqing Li, 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Huiying Liu, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yan Wen, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Qiang Yu, 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Chunlin Zhou, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yaozhong Hu, 2017 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Wei Li, 2017 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Xiaojun Liu, 2017 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Yang Wang, 2017 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Junhua Yang, 2017 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Mai Chen, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Zhiqing Gao, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Fangying Ling, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Bo Tang, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Xiaoyu Wang, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Zhigang Wu, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Dejun Xia, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Yuming Zhang, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Xiaomin Zhu, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Chu Gao, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yafen Guan, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xianzhong Qi, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Jundong Xia, 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Kun Zhao, 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xuecai Feng, 2020 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Yang Liu, 2020 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Jinqiang Lu, 2020 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Hao Yu, 2020 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yingwei Zhang, 2020 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Haiyan Du, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Li Yao, 2021 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Weiping Zang, 2021 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiping Zhang, 2021 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Dongyang Gao, 2022 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiaoqiu Wu, 2001 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Lin Chen, 2002 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Leisen Han, 2003 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yuming Tan, 2003 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Hui Li, 2004 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Wenming Yang, 2004 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Ning Ao, 2005 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Rui Chen, 2005 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Tiejun Dai, 2005 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Yanping Guo, 2005 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Songlin Chen, 2006 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Qiaolin Ou, 2006 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yongcheng Zhang, 2006 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Guili Gao, 2007 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xinmin Wang, 2007 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xianping Wei, 2007 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Deliang Yao, 2007 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Shuikang Ding, 2008 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiaoneng Mo, 2008 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiaobin Ye, 2008 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiaoyan Chen, 2009 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Shuikang Ding, 2009 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Hanbiao Gan, 2009 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Huibing Huang, 2009 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Rong Fan, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yunxie Guo, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Wenlong Li, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Bin Liu, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Shulin Lu, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Junhua Ma, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Xunwen Wang, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Tao Yang, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Jianjun Yin, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yuqin Zhang, 2010 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Conglian Feng, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Yi Gao, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Bixian Liang, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Yanli Liu, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Hua Mei, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Qibo Ran, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yongsheng Wang, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xiaoshi Zhang, 2011 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Guofeng Gao, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Linrong Gao, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Meilin Huang, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Rongfeng Jiang, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Chunhong Li, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Ruiqi Li, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Qingping Liu, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Ke Su, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Lanzhi Tong, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Fangting Wu, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Fenguo Zhang, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Xiaoshi Zhang, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Yanli Zhao, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Saihua Zhu, 2012 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Mingxian Chen, 2013 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yuxun Chen, 2013 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yu Deng, 2013 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yongzhong Li, 2013 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Feifei Wang, 2013 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yu Wu, 2013 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Huilin Xie, 2013 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Shanyu Xiong, 2013 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Xiaoli Yao, 2013 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Haijie Zhang, 2013 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Guiying Che, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Zhengquan Chen, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Dongmei Fang, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Fang Fang, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Zhiyan Gu, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Cunming Li, 2014 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Qin Li, 2014 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Hongyan Liu, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | LiQiang Qu, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Fen Wu, 2014 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yang Zhang, 2014 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Xian Zhao, 2014 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Qingli Zeng, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xishan Chen, 2015 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Xiaomei Chen, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Bo Jin, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Huijun Li, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Jianwei Lv, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yong Ma, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Zhenxian Shen, 2015 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Dan Sun, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xia Wang, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Lijun Wu, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yanfei Xiang, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Yinguang Zhang, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Li Zheng, 2015 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Yudong Zhou, 2015 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Haiping Gu, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Yan Jiao, 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Yinchun Leng, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Dongzhen Piao, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Liyuan Qin, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Xiaohong Wei, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Shuhua Wu, 2016 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Can Zhao, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Jianyong Zheng, 2016 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Zhe Feng, 2017 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Biao Fu, 2017 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Lili Liu, 2017 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Xinyou Shu, 2017 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Hui Zhang, 2017 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Sufen Chen, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Desheng Dan, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Aiqin Fan, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Wei Fu, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Lijuan Han, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Wubiao Huang, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Low | Yuanjun Li, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Mengjue Wang, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Tianpeng Wang, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Airong Zeng, 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Chaoqun Gao, 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Shizhan Yang, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Huili Liang, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Junjun Liang, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Wenlan Tan, 2018 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Rong Zou, 2018 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Caihua Chen, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Minghui Chen, 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Binqing Guo, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Debo Huang, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Baogui Liu, 2019 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Chaofeng Wang, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Fenghua Wu, 2019 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Xiamixinuer·Aihemaiti, 2020 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Dengfu Yan, 2020 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Hongjun Yang, 2020 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Haitao Hu, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Zhongyin Li, 2021 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Qiubo Qiao, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Lihong Rong, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Haijiao Sun, 2021 | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Weihui Qin, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Feifei Tan, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Unclear | Xiaolin Tong, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Hailin Wang, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Shan Wang, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Yanfen Wang, 2021 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Low | Unclear | Low | Chunfang Wu, 2021 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low | Jie Chen, 2022 | Low | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Low | High | Low | Wei Gao, 2022 | Low | Unclear | Unclear | Unclear | Low | Unclear | Low |
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