Evaluation on the Efficacy and Safety of Panax Notoginseng Saponins in the Treatment of Stroke among Elderly People: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 206 Randomized Controlled Trials
Table 4
Main analysis and stratified analysis of the effect of panax notoginseng saponins for stroke among older population.
Interventions
Outcomes and subgroups
Number of studies
Number of patients
Pool effect size (95% CI)
P Z
Heterogeneity
Effects model
EG
CG
I 2 (%)
P H
PNS alone
Outcomes
NIHSS
59
3,079
2,966
−0.826 (−0.946 to −0.707)
<0.001
78.9
<0.001
Random
Total clinical efficacy
77
4,495
4,094
1.197 (1.165 to 1.229)
<0.001
52.9
<0.001
Random
ADL
11
419
420
1.675 (1.218 to 2.133)
<0.001
87.7
<0.001
Random
Subgroups analyses based on the total clinical efficacy
Region
Overall
77
4,495
4,094
1.197 (1.165 to 1.229)
<0.001
52.9
<0.001
Random
Develop regions
42
2,121
2,026
1.195 (1.155 to 1.237)
<0.001
37.9
0.008
Random
Developing or undevelop regions
34
2,374
2,068
1.196 (1.150 to 1.245)
<0.001
60.6
<0.001
Random
Publication year
Overall
77
4,495
4,094
1.197 (1.165 to 1.229)
<0.001
52.9
<0.001
Random
Above and equal 2015
26
1,272
1,268
1.193 (1.151 to 1.236)
<0.001
11.9
0.0291
Random
Below 2015
51
3,223
2,826
1.193 (1.153 to 1.234)
<0.001
59.9
<0.001
Random
Total sample size
Overall
77
4,495
4,094
1.197 (1.165 to 1.229)
<0.001
52.9
<0.001
Random
Above or equal 100
35
2,914
2,566
1.195 (1.155 to 1.237)
<0.001
37.9
0.008
Random
Below 100
42
1,581
1,528
1.196 (1.150 to 1.245)
<0.001
60.6
<0.001
Random
Male to female ratio
Overall
68
4,067
3,696
1.198 (1.165 to 1.232)
<0.001
54.1
<0.001
Random
Above or equal 1
62
3,444
3,316
1.203 (1.168 to 1.239)
<0.001
54.6
0.047
Random
Below 1
6
623
380
1.155 (1.045 to 1.276)
<0.001
55.6
<0.001
Random
PNS combined with WM/TAU
Outcomes
NIHSS
100
5,191
5,156
−1.142 (−1.295 to −0.990)
<0.001
92.1
<0.001
Random
Total clinical efficacy
100
5,144
5,105
1.191 (1.165 to 1.217)
<0.001
42.8
<0.001
Random
ADL
44
2,271
2,237
1.034 (0.900 to 1.168)
<0.001
77.8
<0.001
Random
Subgroups analyses based on the total clinical efficacy
Region
Overall
100
5,144
5,105
1.191 (1.165 to 1.217)
<0.001
42.8
<0.001
Random
Develop regions
40
1,939
1,952
1.199 (1.144 to 1.256)
<0.001
65.3
<0.001
Random
Developing or undevelop regions
60
3,205
3,153
1.181 (1.158 to 1.205)
<0.001
0.0
0.553
Random
Publication year
Overall
100
5,144
5,105
1.191 (1.165 to 1.217)
0.0049
42.8
<0.001
Random
Above and equal 2015
64
3,355
3,373
1.188 (1.138 to 1.240)
<0.001
35.7
0.003
Random
Below 2015
36
1,789
1,732
1.192 (1.163 to 1.222)
<0.001
53.2
<0.001
Random
Total sample size
Overall
100
5,144
5,105
1.191 (1.165 to 1.217)
<0.001
42.8
<0.001
Random
Above or equal 100
50
3,281
3,225
1.182 (1.144 to 1.221)
0.0078
60.8
<0.001
Random
Below 100
50
1,863
1,880
1.195 (1.164 to 1.227)
<0.001
0.0
0.708
Random
Male to female ratio
Overall
92
4,723
4,684
1.190 (1.162 to 1.218)
<0.001
44.8
<0.001
Random
Above or equal 1
87
4,439
4,400
1.188 (1.159 to 1.216)
<0.001
46.2
<0.001
Random
Below 1
5
284
284
1.220 (1.132 to 1.314)
<0.001
0.0
0.5
Random
Pool effect sizes were presented as standard mean differences (SMDs); Pool effect sizes were presented as risk ratio (RR). ADL, activities of daily living; CG, control group; EG, experimental group; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PNS, Panax notoginseng saponins; TAU, treatment as usual; TCE, total clinical efficacy; WM, Western medicine.
