|
| Study, year (reference) | Age | Participants, n | Analgesic measures | Types of cancer | Interventions | Electrical stimulation points | Treatment protocols for TENS | Constipation |
| Treatment group | Control group | Treatment group | Control group | Treatment group | Control group | Treatment group | Control group | Treatment group | Control group |
|
| Li, 2014 [24] | 52.9 ± 18.3 | 53.2 ± 18.5 | 85 | 90 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: gradually adjusted until a stable analgesic dose | Multiple types of cancer | TENS | N/A | Tianshu | N/A | IR: 22/85 (25.9%) | IR: 43/90 (47.8%) |
|
| Li, 2015 [25] | N/A | N/A | 47 | 53 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: gradually adjusted until a stable analgesic dose | Multiple types of cancer | TENS | N/A | Tianshu | N/A | IR: 25/47 (53.2%) | IR: 37/53 (69.8%) |
|
| Weng, 2015 [26] | 62.5 ± 11.3 | 65.1 ± 10.8 | 92 | 91 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: gradually adjusted until a stable analgesic dose | Multiple types of cancer | TENS | N/A | Tianshu | N/A | IR: 13/92 (14.13%) | IR: 25/91 (27.47%) |
|
| Wu, 2017 [27] | 47.41 ± 11.84 | 49.13 ± 10.38 | 84 | 81 | OHDT, TENS, and oral Xiaoji Zhitong decoction | OHDT: gradually adjusted until a stable analgesic dose | Multiple types of cancer | TENS | N/A | Tianshu | N/A | IR: 19/84 (10.7%) | IR: 36/81 (44.4%) |
|
| Deng, 2017 [28] | 56.1.1 ± 4.6 | 39 | 39 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: gradually adjusted until a stable analgesic dose | Multiple types of cancer | TENS | N/A | Tianshu | 30 consecutive days, the stimulation current intensity gradually increased so that the patient could still tolerate it | IR: 16/39 (41.0%) | IR: 27/39 (69.2%) |
|
| Du, 2019 [29] | 59.1 ± 1.6 | 58.2 ± 1.6 | 24 | 24 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: gradually adjusted until a stable analgesic dose | Bone metastases cancer | TENS | N/A | Dazhu; Shenshu; Zusanli; Sanyinjiao | 30 min/time, 1 time/d, 4 consecutive weeks; electrical nerve stimulator parameter setting: a dilatational wave (frequency 2–100 Hz) and bearable current intensity were used | IR: 13/24 (54.2%) | IR: 20/24 (83.3%) |
| Yang, 2021 [30] | 63.87 ± 9.02 | 64.43 ± 10.92 | 30 | 30 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: WHO pain treatment paradigm | Multiple types of cancer | TENS | N/A | Kongzui; Taichong; Siguan; Zusanli; Neiguan | 20−30 min/time, 1 time/d, 7 consecutive days; electrical nerve stimulator parameter setting: a dilatational wave (frequency 2/100 Hz) and bearable current intensity were used | IR: 24/30 (80.00%) | IR: 26/30 (86.67%) |
|
| Zhu, 2018 [31] | 57.12 ± 9.93 | 59.54 ± 10.77 | 58 | 60 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: ≥80 mg/day | No description | TENS | Lactulose oral solution | Tianshu; Zhongwan | 80–120 Hz; 30 min/day, 2 consecutive weeks | ER: (76.5%) | 70.00% |
| PAC-QOL: −9.32 ± 1.81 | −7.02 ± 2.21 |
|
| Cai, 2019 [11] | 51.2 ± 3.4 | 55.3 ± 3.1 | 124 | 127 | OHDT and TENS | OHDT: gradually adjusted until a stable analgesic dose | Multiple types of cancer | TENS | Lactulose oral solution | Guanyuan; Qihai; Tianshu; Zusanli; Shangjuxu | 30 min/time, 1 time/d, 14 consecutive days; electrical nerve stimulator parameter setting: a dilatational wave (frequency 2/100 Hz) and bearable current intensity were used | ER: 114/124 (91.9%) | ER: 109/127 (85.8%) |
| PAC-QOL: −1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.05 ± 0.41 |
|
