Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used against Human Diseases in Zuway Dugda District, Ethiopia

Table 2

List of medicinal plants used to treat human in the study area.

Family	Scientific name	L. name	Hb	Ht	CP	PU	Ut	Mode of preparation and dosage	RA	Cno.
Acanthaceae	Justicia schimperiana (Hochst. ex Nees) T. Anders	Dhumuug aa	Sh	W	F	L	Rabies	Crushed, squeezed, and mixed with milk given 1/2 coffee cup	O	TNO22
							Rheumatism	Mixed with B. antidysenterica, C. macrostachyus, Clausena anisata (Willd.) Hook.f. ex Benth., Pycnostachys abyssinica Fresen boiled and washed for 3 days	D
Amaryllidaceae	Allium cepa L.	Qullubbii diimaa	H	HG	F	S	Hypertension	Crushed seed of A. cepa and immersed in water filtrated by clean cloth and drunk before food for 1 day	O	TN065
	A. sativum L.	Qullubbii adii	H	HG	D	Bu	Colds	Pounded of blub mixed with honey and eaten 2-3 teaspoon for three days	O	TN059
							Malaria	Bulb is pounded, mixed with the crushed fresh leaves of R. chalepensis, S. nigrum and applied external part
					D	Bu	Wound	Pounded of bulb together with seed of L. sativum and Ricinus communis L. and tied on the wound	D
Aloaceae	Aloe pubescens Reynolds	Argiisa	H	W	F	Lat	Fire burn	The latex is painted on the wound part	D	TN07
Amaranthaceae	Achyranthes aspera L.	Darguu	H	W	F	L	Body swelling	Leaf is squeezed and creamed on swollen part	D	TN019
							Wound	Leaves are pounded and tied on the wound
							Nasal bleeding	Fresh leaf of A. aspera is squeezed and its juice is dropped in to the nostrils to stop bleeding	N
						R	Stomachache	Root is chewed and swallowed during feeling of ache	O
	Achyranthes spp. L.	Darguu arbaa	H	W	F	L	Pneumonia	Fresh leaf are pounded, mixed with water and drunk in the morning	O	TN020
Anacardiaceae	Schinus molle L	Qundobar baree	T	W	F	L	Problems in throat	Fresh leaves of S. molle are chewed on surfaces of throat and holding	O	TN068
Apiaceae	Foeniculum vulgare Mill.	Insilaalii	H	W	F	L	Urine retention	Pounded fresh leaf of F. vulgare and J. schimperiana are Mixed with water and drunk	O	TN039
							Stomachache	Fresh leaf of F. vulgare, garlic and pepper are grounded, mixed with water and given with katicala
	Daucus carota L.	Kaarotii	H	HG	F	R	Night blindness	The fresh root of D. carota is eating repeatedly	O	TN041
Apocynaceae	Carissa spinarum L.	Agaamsa	Sh	W	D	R	Evil sprit	Root of W. sominifera pounded together added to fire and smoke to the patient	N	TN05
							Stabbing pain	Root is pounded, boiled in water and is drunk using a glass	O
							Gonorrhea	Root together with dried root bark of Euclea racemosa L. crushed, boiled, add goats milk and is drunk after cooling
					F		Malaria	Fresh root is pounded, insert into cold water, wait for a day and is drunk
					F	R	Wound	The bark is pounded & applied on wound for three consecutive days	D
					D	R	Evil eye	The smoke of pounded roots is inhaled	N
						L	Headache	Dried leaf of C. spinarum is pounded and the smoke is used as treatment for headache
					F	L	Stomachache	Leaf of C. spinarum is pounded mixed with honey. Two-three spoon is taken early in the morning before breakfast	O
	Acokanthera schimperi (A.DC.) Schwein	Qaraaruu	Sh	W	F	L	Leprosy	Leaves of this plant are pounded together with B. antidysentetica, Rumex abyssinicus jacq. then mixed with butter and applied on the skin	O	TN054
Asparagaceae	Asparagus africanus Lam.	Sariitii	Sh	W	D	R	Placenta retention	Root is pounded; warm in water then mixed with honey and is drunk	O	TN062
					F	R	Wound	Fresh root is pounded together with leaves of D. viscosa, mixed with butter and applied on the wound
					F	L	Malaria	Leaf is crushed, mixed with milk and taken one coffee cup every morning until the individual goes from the malarious area
Asteraceae	Echinops angustilobus S. Moore	Qoree harree	H	W	D/F	R	Headache	Fine root powder is mixed with pounded A. sativum and taken pasted with honey	O	TN058
	Echinops hispidus fresen.	Kaabariic hoo	H	W	D	R/St	Evil eye	Crushed and placed on fire and inhaled by all householders	Sm	TN042
	Artemisia abyssinica sch. Bip.ex A. Rich	Harrittaa	H	HG	F	wh	Evil eye	Leaf concoction together with root of E. kebericho is added to a burning fire and smoked to the patient	Sm	TN033
	Artemisia schimperi Sch.Bip. ex engl.	Harrittaa		HG	F	wh	Bleeding	Leaves are inserted into the nostrils to stop bleeding	N
	Xanthium strumarium L	Bandaa	H	W	F	L/F r	Fungal on skin	The fruit or leaves of X. strumarium is rubbed and paint skin	D	TN010
	Vernonia amygdalina Del.	Ebichaa	T	W	F	L	Malaria	Crushed leaves of V. amygdalina concocted with leaves of R. chalepensis. One cup is served as a drink for 3–5 days with cold water in the morning	O	TN025
							Skin infection	Leaf of V. amygdalina is pounded and is washed by the plant or the leaf of is used as a soap to wash the infected body	D
							Internal worm	The decocted leaves with 1cup of coffee for elders and half for children, 3–7 leave	O
							Headache	Crushed leaves are put on head for 3 days 10 leaves	D
Balanitaceae	Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.c	Baddanna a	Sh	W	D	Gu m	Fibrile illness	Dried of the gum smoking and inhaled to nostril	N	TN012
Boraginaceae	Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk.	Maxxa annee	H	W	F	L	Febrile illness	Fresh leaf together with O. lamiifolium is pounded and drunk with coffee or rub the body with the leaves	O	TN050
	Cordia africana Lam.	Wadde essa	T	HG	F	L	Toothache	Fresh leaf is chopped, chewed with salt and the juice is swallowed	O	TN069
					F	Fr	Headache	Whole plant is boiled in water then drunk and the head of the patient is washed with it or smell the plant as it	O
	Heliotropiu m cinerascens steud. ex. DC.	Baalac abbii	H	W	F	L	Fibrile illness	Fresh leaves of water extract in one cup of tea into body or nasal	D	TN09
					F	L	Stomachache	Fresh leaves of H. cinerascens are extracted water taken into body by one cup of tea or coffee	O
Brassicaceae	Lepidium sativum L.	Feecoo	H	HG	D	S	Malaria	Seed of L. sativum, bulb of A. sativum and rhizome of Z. officinale are pounded together and given to human with honey	D& O	TN027
					D	S	Tonsillitis	The seed of L. sativum and bulb of A. sativum are pounded together and given to human with honey	O
					D	Fl	Tapeworm	Flowers are crushed, soaked in water for a day and drunk with alcohols	O
	Brassica carinata A. Braun	Ija raafuu	H	HG	F	S	Stomach problem	Crushed and eaten with A. sativum by adding salt	O	TN038
					D	S	Cancer	The seed of B. carinata together with seed of R. communis crushed, powdered and mixed with honey and creamed body	O
Carricaceae	Carica papaya L.	Pappay Aa	T	HG	D	S	Jaundice	Seed is roasted, pounded and is drunk two coffee cups every morning for 3 days	O	TN052
Casuarinaceae	Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq.	Shawes hawee	T	W	D/F	R	Lymphatic swelling	Concoction of fresh/dry root bark mixed with leaf of C. macrostachyus and water is given as drink	O	TN063
					F	R	Urine retention	The fresh root of C. cunninghamiana are mixed in water and the solution is taken	O
Cucurbitaceae	Cucumis ficifolius A. Rich.	Accool iitoo	H	W	F	R	Wound	Root was crushed with in S. araliacea and put on wound surface	D	TN01
					F	R	Snake bite	Chewing the root and swallowing the juice	O
	Lagenaria siceraria (molina) standl.	Buqqee	C	HG	F	S	Evil eye	Seeds are grounded and add to fire and smoke or drink with honey	Sm/O	TN015
					F	L	Snake bite	Fresh leaves are pounded and drunk in the presence of small amount of water	O
	Cucurbita pepo L.	Debaaq ulaa	H	HG	F	L	Gastritis	The leaf cooked with B. oleracea then eaten 3–5 leaves	O	TN021
					D	S	Hookworm	Seeds are soaked in water over night, chew and swallowed as they are	O
Euphorbiaceae	Croton macrostachyus Del.	Bakkan iisaa	T	W	F	L	Ascaris	The tip of fresh young leaf and the bark is pounded, boiled, add butter, cool it and after it solidifies, three nine tablets are made and three tablets for children, five to nine tablets for elders is given. Milk is drunk as an antidote	O	TN013
					F	L a	Ring worm	The latex of C. macrostachyus rubbed against the affected body part	D
					F	L	Jaundice	Fresh leaves are cooked, pasted with honey and eaten as food	O
					F	L	Gonorrhea	Seven, nine or eleven shoot tips is cut, cooked together with R. chalepensis and one spoonful of the solution is drunk per a day for seven consecutive days	O
					F	B	Stomachac he	Fresh bark together with bulb of A. sativum, is pounded, mixed with butter and eaten	O	TN04
	Euphorbia abyssinica J.F.Gmel.	Adaam ii	T	W	F/D	L	Gonorrhea	Very small amount of the milky latex is mixed with red tef flour, bake and eaten for three consecutive days	O
	Ricinus communis L	Qobbo o	H	HG	D	S	Impotency	Seeds are pounded, mixed with small quantity of latex from Aloe spp. And drunk one coffee cup before bed time for three days	O	TN055
	Euphorbia tirucalli L.	Qulqua lii	T	W	F	L a	Venereal disease	Latex is mixed with E. tef powder to prepare bread and given to eat	O	TN060
Fabaceae	Vachellia etbaica (schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Doddot ii	T	W	F	L	Tonsillitis, gonorrhea	The fresh leaves of the V. etbaica is chewed and crushed, boiled and drunk	O	TN023
	V. nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter & Mabb.	Qordi moo	T	W	D	St	Fibrile illness	The stem is dried and hot on the fire inhaled by nostril and smoked	Sm	TN057
	V. oerfota (forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr	Ajoo	T	W	F	St	Toothache	Fresh stem of V. oerfota is chewed and holding on surface of teeth	O	TN06
	Calpurnia aurea baker	Ceekat aa	Sh	W	F	st	Syphilis	The seeds are crushed, mixed with honey and half teaspoon is eaten for three consecutive days	O	TN016
	V. abyssinica (Hochst. ex Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr.	Laafto	T	W	F	L	Back-pain	Fresh crushed leaves are mixed with water and drunk	O	TN045
	Trigonella foenum- graecum L.	Abishii	H	HG	D	S	Gastric	The powder of T. foenum-graecum is mix with water, and drink by glass	O	TN03
					D	S	Body swelling	The seed of T. foenum-graecum is crushed, powdered, mixed with honey and little water then boiled like “porridge” and eaten	O
Salicaceae	Dovyalis abyssinica (A.Rich.Wa rb)	Kooshi moo	Sh	W	F	Fr	Intestinal parasites	Fruit is eaten as food for the case of intestinal parasite before breakfast every morning	O	TN043
Lamiaceae	Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth.	Damm akesse	Sh	W	F	L	Febrile illness	Fresh leaf of O. lamiifolium together with leaf of E. globulus, is pounded, mixed with water and drunk or inhale the vapor of the boiled mixture	O	TN018
					F	L	Headache	Leaf of O. lamiifolium is massaged and sniffed	O
	Clerodendrum myricoides R. Fern	Marasii saa	Sh	W	D	R	Evil eye	Root is inserted on fire and the smoke is inhaled through the nostrils	N	TN049
					F	R	Snake bite	Fresh root decoction is drunk immediately after the bite	O
					D	R	Malaria	Root together with the root of W. somnifera are pounded, mixed with water, boil, cool and then drunk	O
	Ajuga integrifolia Buch.	Harma gussaa	H	W	D/F	L	Body swelling	Dry or fresh leaves are pounded & drunk or tied on the swelling	D	TN032
Linaceae	Linum usitatissimum L.	Talbaa	H	HG	F	S	Wound	Seed of L. usitatissimum is pounded mixed with honey and creamed on wounded part	D	TN067
					D	S	Amoeba	The pounded seed is mixed with water and drunk before breakfast	O
Meliaceae	Melia azedarach L	Niimii	T	HG	F	St	Toothache	Young stem is chewed and kept on the teeth	O	TN051
Francoaceae	Bersama abyssinica Fresen.	Azamir	Sh	HG	D	L/R	Hypertensi on	The dry of leaf and root are powdered, mixed with water and drunk	O	TN08
					D	L/R	Cough & ascaris	The leaf and root are crushed, powdered, boiled with milk and drunk	O
		Lolchii saa	Sh	W	D/F	R	Syphilis	Fresh root is chewed and swallow its content, root is crushed, boil and drunk for three days	O	TN046
					F	B	Ascaris	Fresh bark is pounded, pasted with honey and is eaten	O
Moringaceae	Moringa stenopetala (Bak.f.) Cufod.	Shifera	T	W	F	L	Hypertension	The part of leaf is squeezed then drink/crush then boil, filtrate, and drink	O	TN064
Myrtaceae	Eucalyptus globulus Labill.	Barzaaf ii adii	T	W	F	L	Cough	Fresh young leaves are boiled in water and fumigate the vapor under sealed clothes at bed time	Sm	TN011
Olacaceae	Ximenia americana L.	Hudha a	Sh	W	F	L	Toothache	Bark of the root is chewed and kept it for a while between the teeth	D	TN037
					D	L/R	Nasal bleeding	The fine powder of the root is mixed with the powder of the leaf of A. africanus and is applied	O
Oleaceae	Olea europaea subsp.cuspi data (Wall. Ex G.Don) Cif.	Ejersa	T	W	F	L	Itchy skin	Leaf together with dried leaf of Chenopodium myricoides is boiled in water and steam the vapor to the part	O	TN026
Phytolaccaceae	Phytolacca dodecandra L.’Herit.	Hando odee	S	W	F	R	Rabies	Root together with root of A. abyssinica, J. schimperiana is pounded, mixed with water; one katicala glass of the solution is given at interval of seven day	O	TN031
Poaceae	Cymbopogo n citratus (DC.) Stepf	Tajiisar	H	HG	D	R	Evil eye	The roots of C. citratus with root of C. macrostachyus are pounded dried put on fire and the smoke is inhaled	Sm	TN066
					D	L	Dandruff	The leaf is crushed powdered mixed with butter and creamed on affected part	D
Ranunculaceae	Nigella sativa L.	Abasuu da	H	HG	D	S	Depression	Dried the powder of seed is added to tea and drunk to stimulate mental	O	TN02
		Gurraac ha			D	S	Tonsillitis	The seed of N. sativa is pounded powdered and added to coffee. Then drunk for 3-4 consecutive days	O
	Clematis simensis Fresen.	Hida fiitii	H	W	F	L	Hemorrhoi ds	Pounded/crushed leaf will be tied on the affected area of the skin	D	TN034
Rhamnaceae	Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf.	Qurqur aa	T	W	D	L/R	Evil eye	Dried leaf or root is used for fire fumigation and inhalation	D	TN061
	Rhamnus prinoides L.Herit.	Geesho o	Sh	HG	F	L	Tonsillitis	Chew the leaf and swallow twice a day for three days	D	TN029
Rubiaceae	Coffea arabica L.	Buna	Sh	HG	D	S	Diarrhea	Powder of roasted coffee bean is mixed with butter and eaten or drunk before breakfast for 3/4 days	O	TN014
					D	S	Fire burn	Seed of C. arabica is roasted, pounded, powdered and applied on affected part	N
					D	S	Spider poison	Seed of C. arabica is roasted, powdered, mixed with butter and painted	O
					D	S	Eye disease	Roasted seeds of C. arabica is pounded together with Leaf of T. foenum graecum, mixed with butter and rubbed on the external eye	O
Rutaceae	Citrus x limon (L.) Osbeck	Loomii	Sh	HG	F	Fr	Athletes foot	The fruit of C. limon is squeezed and creamed on affected for continuous days	D	TN047
					D	L	Cough	The leaf of C. limon is pounded, powdered, mixed with milk and boiled and added sugar then drink pure liquid during feeling pain	O
	Ruta chalepensis L.	Xeenaa daamii	Sh	HG	F	L	Fever	Fresh leaf is pounded together with Z. officinale, added to coffee and then a cup of coffee is drunk every morning for three consecutive days	O	TN070
					F	L	Headache	Fresh leaf together with Z. officinale is pounded, add to coffee and drunk	O
					F	L	Evil eye	Fresh leaf together with leaf of D. stramonium is rubbed on the body of the patient or washes with the solution of these plants	D
Sapindaceae	Dodonaea viscosa L.f.	Itacha	Sh	W	D	L	Ear wound	Crushed, mixed with butter and placed on the damaged part	D	TN040
Scrophulariaceae	Verbascum sinaiticum Benth.	Gurraa harree	H	W	F	L	Diarrhea	The fresh leave is crushed, homogenized in water and drunk by half of cup tea	O	TN030
					F	L	Hemorrhag e	The leave of V. sinaiticum is crushed, homogenized in water and drunk	O
Simaroubaceae	Brucea antidysenterica Fresen.	Qoman yoo	Sh	W	D	L	Wound	Dried leaf of B. antidysenterica is pounded, mixed with butter and creamed body	D	TN056
Solanaceae	Datura stramonium L.	Manjii	H	W	F/D	L	Cough	Dried or fresh leaf together W. sominifera and L. tomentosa, are pounded, half spoon is added to a cup of coffee and drunk every morning until recovery	O	TN048
					F/D	S	Toothache	Seeds are boiled in water and inhaled the vapor	D
					F	L	Eye disease	Leaf is squeezed and the juice is applied to the eye	Ey
	Solanum incanum L.	Hiddii	Sh	W	D	R	Snake bite	Root powder is drunk with coffee	O	TN036
					F	R	Toothache	Root is chewed and keeps between the teeth	O
	Solanum marginatum L.f.	Hiddii	Sh	W	F	Fr	Bleeding	Fruit and/or leaf is pounded and tie on the bleeding part	D	TN035
					F	St	Wound	Warm the stem on fire and placed it on the head again and again	D
					F	L	Nasal bleeding	The leaf is chopped and placed in the nostrils or small amount of the fruit juice is applied through the nostrils	N
					F	Fr	Leech	Fruit is squeezed and the juice is mixed with milk and applies through the nostrils	D
	Capsicum annuum L.	Qaaraa	H	HG	D	Fr/S	Skin rash	Fruit and seed of C. annuum is pounded, powdered mixed with butter and creamed the infected part	D	TN053
					D	Fr/S	Tonsillitis	Fruit and seed of C. annuum is pounded, powdered, mixed with oil, roasted and drunk	O
	Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in DC.	Daadh Oo	Sh	W	F	L	Evil eye	The leaf is squeezed with leaves of R. chalepensis and drunk 1 soup spoon	O	TN017
					F	L	Insect allergy	Crushed and tied by cloth in the area	O
	Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.	Tiimaa tiimii	H	HG	F	S	Eye disease	The seed of L. esculentum is eaten	O	TN072
Urticaceae	Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A.Rich.	Doobii	H	W	F	L	Gastritis heart disease	Eat in the form of stew (“wot”) against gastritis & heart disease	O	TN073
					D	R/L	Gonorrhea	The root and leaves of U. simensis with the bark of C. macrostachyhus are pounded, powdered, mixed with little water, filtered, then a cup of filtrate is drunk for 5 days in the morning	O
Verbanaceae	Lippia adoensis var. adoensis Hochst. ex Walp.	Kusaay ee	S	W	D	R	Intestinal parasite	Fresh or dried root together with the dried bark of C. macrostachyus is crushed and eaten after breakfast	O	TN044
					D	L	Cough	Dried leaf is pounded and boiled and a tea spoon of it is added to cup of coffee and drunk for three days every	O
Vitaceae	Cyphostemma cyphopetalum (Fresen.) Desc. ex wild & R.B.Drumm.	Gaalee waraab essa	Cl	W	F	Fl	Hemmoroi ds	Fresh flower is squeezed and the juice is applied or the flower is rubbed over the wound	D	TN028
Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale R oscoe	Ziinjibi laa	H	HG	D	R	Stomachac he	Chew and swallow the juice/drink with tea	O	TN071
					F	L	Body swelling	The fresh of leave is chew and tie on surface part of swelled body	O

Hb = habit; Pu-part used; Ut = used to treat; Cp = condition of preparation; RA = route of administration; T = tree; H = herb; Sh = shrub; Cl = climber; Hu = human; F = fresh; D = dry; F/D = fresh and dry; O = oral; De = dermal; Na = nasal; Ey = eye; Er = ear; L = leaf; R = root; Sm = smoke; St = stem; Ba = bark; Fl = flower; Fr = fruit; S = seed; Bu = bulb; La = latex; Wp = whole plant; Ht = habitat; HG = home garden; W = wild; VN = voucher number.