Cardioprotective Effects of Solidago microglossa DC. in Nicotine-Treated Hypertensive Rats

Table 1

Effects of oral treatment with Solidago microglossa extract (EESM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on urinary parameters on the 1^st day of treatment.

Parameter	Naïve	NC	HCTZ	EESM (14 mg/kg)	EESM (28 mg/kg)	EESM (56 mg/kg)
Urinary volume (mL/100 g/24 h)	4.71 ± 0.42	2.32 ± 0.27^a	2.00 ± 0.28^a	2.59 ± 0.45^a	2.40 ± 0.35^a	2.35 ± 0.31^a
pH	7.71 ± 0.26	7.73 ± 0.11	7.72 ± 0.25	7.73 ± 0.35	7.72 ± 0.20	7.74 ± 0.20
Density	1037 ± 5.53	1038 ± 2.09	1039 ± 5.54	1037 ± 3.87	1036 ± 5.32	1037 ± 5.32
Chloride (µmol/100 g/24 h)	1011.34 ± 213.73	1034.22 ± 193.21	1055.64 ± 199.66	1034.13 ± 155.89	1048.35 ± 169.03	1023.22 ± 134.12
Potassium (µmol/100 g/24 h)	875.11 ± 112.21	765.17 ± 102.25	815.21 ± 99.77	746.55 ± 97.21	793.51 ± 101.77	781.11 ± 104.32
Sodium (µmol/100 g/24 h)	1432.12 ± 224.55	933.44 ± 87.66^a	875.26 ± 99.77^a	921.15 ± 80.21^a	885.25 ± 94.44^a	875.77 ± 90.91^a
Urea (mg/100 g/24 h)	174.30 ± 22.11	166.55 ± 21.77	154.66 ± 33.54	168.55 ± 31.47	184.52 ± 39.99	171.58 ± 28.24
Creatinine (mg/100 g/24 h)	2.17 ± 0.31	1.21 ± 0.29^a	1.37 ± 0.27^a	1.40 ± 0.21^a	1.27 ± 0.25^a	1.30 ± 0.24^a

Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) of 8 animals per group. ^a when compared to the naïve rats. EESM: hypertensive rats that received three different doses of the Solidago microglossa extract; HCTZ: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg); NC: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of the vehicle; Naïve: normotensive animals that received only the vehicle.