Cardioprotective Effects of Solidago microglossa DC. in Nicotine-Treated Hypertensive Rats

Table 2

Effects of oral treatment with Solidago microglossa extract (EESM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on urinary parameters on the 28^th day of treatment.

Parameter	Naïve	NC	HCTZ	EESM (14 mg/kg)	EESM (28 mg/kg)	EESM (56 mg/kg)
Urinary volume (mL/100 g/24 h)	4.46 ± 0.56	2.06 ± 0.46^a	4.01 ± 0.50^bcd	2.33 ± 0.31^a	2.81 ± 0.32^a	4.77 ± 0.66^bcd
pH	7.25 ± 0.19	7.32 ± 0.12	7.24 ± 0.17	7.31 ± 0.18	7.20 ± 0.13	7.21 ± 0.13
Density	1022 ± 2.90	1024 ± 2.34	1023 ± 2.39	1024 ± 2.50	1023 ± 2.45	1022 ± 2.45
Chloride (µmol/100 g/24 h)	938.34 ± 77.01	825.55 ± 54.33	899.67 ± 49.88	831.24 ± 77.62	903.22 ± 89.31	912.36 ± 74.34
Potassium (µmol/100 g/24 h)	645.33 ± 67.33	621.44 ± 71.29	604.33 ± 71.12	633.12 ± 69.38	618.21 ± 69.21	633.41 ± 70.11
Sodium (µmol/100 g/24 h)	1524.44 ± 198.33	912.33 ± 74.33^a	1324.33 ± 87.21^bcd	833.43 ± 79.54^a	899.44 ± 79.21^a	1477.61 ± 121.22^bcd
Urea (mg/100 g/24 h)	166.21 ± 19.33	152.77 ± 22.69	149.12 ± 33.21	159.12 ± 30.12	162.66 ± 29.45	148.44 ± 31.22
Creatinine (mg/100 g/24 h)	1.96 ± 0.32	1.16 ± 0.18^a	1.88 ± 0.31^bcd	1.04 ± 0.23^a	1.10 ± 0.29^a	2.05 ± 0.19^bcd

Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) of 8 animals per group. ^a when compared to the naïve rats. ^b when compared to the NC group. ^c when compared to the EESM 14 mg/kg. ^d when compared to the EESM 28 mg/kg. EESM: hypertensive rats that received three different doses of the Solidago microglossa extract; HCTZ: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg); NC: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of the vehicle; Naïve: normotensive animals that received only the vehicle.