Cardioprotective Effects of Solidago microglossa DC. in Nicotine-Treated Hypertensive Rats

Table 5

Effects of oral treatment with Solidago microglossa extract (EESM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on biochemical parameters.

Parameter	Naïve	NC	HCTZ	EESM (14 mg/kg)	EESM (28 mg/kg)	EESM (56 mg/kg)
Sodium (mmol/L)	115.1 ± 10.3	113.4 ± 12.2	110.7 ± 13.4	108.8 ± 11.9	112.8 ± 15.5	114.5 ± 14.4
Potassium (mmol/L)	5.23 ± 0.22	5.36 ± 0.30	5.33 ± 0.26	5.40 ± 0.20	5.31 ± 0.21	5.22 ± 0.24
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.87 ± 0.22	1.91 ± 0.25^a	1.11 ± 0.18^bcd	1.88 ± 0.17^a	1.71 ± 0.13^a	0.97 ± 0.18^bcd
Nitrite (μM)	100.5 ± 10.77	62.4 ± 8.31^a	77.5 ± 6.22^a	80.3 ± 10.21	88.2 ± 7.31	110.1 ± 8.14^bcde
NT (μmol/L)	0.011 ± 0.006	0.051 ± 0.009^a	0.044 ± 0.008^a	0.035 ± 0.008	0.030 ± 0.009	0.010 ± 0.005^bcde
MDA (mmol/L)	7.2 ± 2.3	16.6 ± 2.33^a	15.6 ± 2.33^a	13.7 ± 1.6^a	12.7 ± 3.5^a	6.2 ± 2.25^bcde
Adrenaline (pg/mL)	0.72 ± 0.09	1.40 ± 0.11^a	1.41 ± 0.19^a	1.38 ± 0.17^a	1.41 ± 0.15^a	1.39 ± 0.16^a
Aldosterone (pg/mL)	120.4 ± 12.21	122.5 ± 10.88	125.5 ± 13.12	131.6 ± 11.43	130 ± 12.44	129 ± 10.31
ACE activity (nmol/min/ml)	80.1 ± 6.33	87.5 ± 7.21	90 ± 8.33	85.55 ± 8.21	83.37 ± 7.34	91.22 ± 12.77

Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) of 8 animals per group. ^a when compared to the naïve rats. ^b when compared to the NC group. ^c when compared to the EESM 14 mg/kg. ^d when compared to the EESM 28 mg/kg. ^e when compared to the HCTZ. EESM: hypertensive rats that received three different doses of the Solidago microglossa extract; HCTZ: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg); NC: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of the vehicle; Naïve: normotensive animals that received only the vehicle. ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; MDA: malondialdehyde; NT: nitrotyrosine.