Cardioprotective Effects of Solidago microglossa DC. in Nicotine-Treated Hypertensive Rats

Table 7

Effects of oral treatment with Solidago microglossa extract (EESM) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) on hemodynamics and cardiac structure.

Parameter	Naïve	NC	HCTZ	EESM (14 mg/kg)	EESM (28 mg/kg)	EESM (56 mg/kg)
Myocardial function indices
LVDP (mm Hg)	122.5 ± 12.11	79.3 ± 9.33^a	131.4 ± 14.44^bcd	83.4 ± 8.77^a	87.8 ± 10.21^a	128.5 ± 15.21^bcd
+dp/dtmax (mm Hg/s)	2811 ± 255	1975 ± 195^a	2644 ± 311^bcd	1766 ± 203^a	1866 ± 205^a	2733 ± 344^bcd
−dp/dtmin (mm Hg/s)	−1776 ± 221	−1033 ± 121^a	−1521 ± 276^bcd	−1125 ± 155^a	−1144 ± 177^a	−1677 ± 299^bcd
RPP (mm Hg-beats/min)	35222 ± 2343	20673 ± 3295^a	33642 ± 2454^bcd	18576 ± 3356^a	23777 ± 3376^a	34654 ± 3123^bcd
Relative weight
Heart (%)	0.25 ± 0.04	0.48 ± 0.07^a	0.27 ± 0.03^bcd	0.51 ± 0.08^a	0.40 ± 0.07^a	0.30 ± 0.04^bcd
Cardiac morphometry
Heart area (mm)	71.82 ± 4.20	86.86 ± 3.52^a	78.17 ± 4.44^bcd	86.35 ± 3.82^a	90.38 ± 6.02^a	77.38 ± 6.02^bcd
LV lumen area (mm)	8.31 ± 0.47	6.91 ± 0.59^a	8.34 ± 0.22^bcd	6.93 ± 0.37^a	5.99 ± 0.55^a	8.72 ± 0.25^bcd
RV lumen area (mm)	1.94 ± 0.18	1.99 ± 0.15	1.96 ± 0.13	1.97 ± 0.11	1.91 ± 0.12	1.93 ± 0.12
LV wall thickness (mm)	3.93 ± 0.31	5.83 ± 0.34^a	3.77 ± 0.37^bcd	5.79 ± 0.36^a	5.78 ± 0.23^a	3.89 ± 0.29^bcd
RV wall thickness (mm)	1.84 ± 0.11	1.94 ± 0.17	1.87 ± 0.16	1.79 ± 0.11	1.74 ± 0.12	1.74 ± 0.12
IS thickness (mm)	5.13 ± 0.45	5.22 ± 0.49	4.93 ± 0.46	4.77 ± 0.52	5.22 ± 0.61	5.22 ± 0.61

Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error of the mean) of 8 animals per group. ^awhen compared to the naïve rats. ^b when compared to the NC group. ^c when compared to the EESM 14 mg/kg. ^d when compared to the EESM 28 mg/kg. EESM: hypertensive rats that received three different doses of the Solidago microglossa extract; HCTZ: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of hydrochlorothiazide (25 mg/kg); NC: hypertensive animals that received daily doses of the vehicle; Naïve: normotensive animals that received only the vehicle. IS: interventricular septum; LV: left ventricle; LVDP: left ventricular developed pressure; RPP: rate pressure product; RV: right ventricle; +dp/dt_max: peak contraction rate; −dp/dt_min: peak relaxation rate.