Effect of Zingiber officinale on Lipid Profile and Some Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Table 3

Comparison of anthropometric indices in the study patients before and after intervention.

Variables	Ginger group (n = 20)	Placebo group (n = 21)	Mean difference (CI 95%)	value
Weight [12]
Baseline	69.67 ± 10.76	74.55 ± 14.31	−4.88 (−12.58, 2.85)	0.209^†
Endpoint	69.79 ± 10.38	74.36 ± 15.21	−0.02 (−0.92, 0.88)	0.965^††
Mean difference (CI 95%)	−0.28 (−0.93, 0.36)	−0.12 (−0.77, 0.54)
value	0.370	0.704
BMI (kg/m^2)
Baseline	26.48 ± 3.71	28.41 ± 4.35	−1.92 (−4.38, 0.54)	0.123^†
Endpoint	26.50 ± 3.90	28.40 ± 4.58	−0.14 (−0.36, 0.33)	0.934^††
Mean difference (CI 95%)	−0.11 (−0.36, 0.14)	−0.06 (−0.30, 0.18)
value	0.364	0.614
Waist circumference [28]
Baseline	99.08 ± 10.14	104.18 ± 10.44	0.53 (−4.71, 3.63)	0.108^†
Endpoint	99.05 ± 9.34	104.07 ± 11.3	0.09 (−0.57, 0.75)	0.780^††
Mean difference (CI 95%)	−0.34 (−0.80, 0.11)	−0.31 (−0.78, 0.17)
value	0.133	0.189
Hip circumference [28]
Baseline	98.88 ± 8.05	101.92 ± 9.48	−3.04 (−8.39, 2.32)	0.258^†
Endpoint	98.73 ± 8.01	101.99 ± 9.88	0.06 (−0.28, 0.40)	0.541^††
Mean difference (CI 95%)	−0.14 (−0.36, 0.07)	−0.21 (−0.51, 0.09)
value	0.182	0.167
Waist to hip ratio
Baseline	1.02 (0.94, 1.05)	1.03 (1.01, 1.05)	—	0.346^#
Endpoint	1.02 (0.95, 1.04)	1.02 (1.01, 1.05)	—	0.401^#
Mean difference (CI 95%)	—	—
value	0.477	0.404
Physical activity (MET-min/week)
Baseline	310.50 (143.75, 594.00)	241 (198.75, 297.00)	—	0.533^#
Endpoint	355.50 (161.25, 583.00)	266 (198.50, 323.00)	—	0.308^#
Mean difference (CI 95%)	—	—
value	0.091	0.249

Values are reported as mean ± SD or median (IQR) for quantitative data. Paired samples t-test, ^†independent samples t-test, ^#Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, ^††ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values and energy intake. BMI: body mass index.