Effect of Zingiber officinale on Lipid Profile and Some Inflammatory Markers in Diabetic Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 4
Overall metabolic parameters of study patients before and after intervention.
Variables
Ginger group (n = 20)
Placebo group (n = 21)
Mean difference (CI 95%)
value
Triglyceride (mg/dL)
Baseline
104.27 ± 22.65
113.59 ± 36.50
−9.32 (−27.80, 9.16)
0.315†
Endpoint
89.45 ± 24.28
113.14 ± 30.10
−16.59 (−27.92, 5.26)
0.005†††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
−14.20 (−23.03, −5.37)
−0.67 (−10.83, 9.50)
value
0.003
0.893
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
Baseline
129.05 ± 36.01
129.41 ± 38.85
−0.36 (−23.15, 22.43)
0.974†
Endpoint
118.35 ± 30.50
123.57 ± 33.36
−5.27 (−20.50, 9.97)
0.488†††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
−5.65 (−13.77, 2.47)
−3.67 (−18.91, 11.58)
value
0.162
0.621
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Baseline
39.64 ± 8.63
41.00 ± 11.39
1.36 (−7.51, 4.78)
0.657†
Endpoint
39.95 ± 9.99
42.38 ± 10.70
−0.24 (−4.56, 4.08)
0.910†††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
1.40 (−1.29, 4.09)
1.38 (−2.06, 4.83)
value
0.289
0.413
LDL-C (mg/dL)
Baseline
68.55 ± 31.84
65.69 ± 31.90
2.86 (−16.53, 22.26)
0.767†
Endpoint
60.51 ± 27.05
58.56 ± 28.28
−1.48 (−14.51, 11.56)
0.819†††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
−4.21 (−11.95, 3.53)
−4.91 (−17.82, 7.80)
value
0.269
0.436
hs-CRP (mg/L)
Baseline
8.06 ± 3.49
6.32 ± 3.68
1.74 (−0.44, 3.92)
0.115†
Endpoint
6.57 ± 3.79
7.35 ± 3.67
−1.87 (−3.50, −0.24)
0.026††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
−1.58 (−2.89, −0.26)
0.92 (−0.09, 1.93)
value
0.022
0.072
Albumin (g/dl)
Baseline
4.32 ± 0.50
4.16 ± 0.87
0.16 (−0.26, 0.58)
0.455†
Endpoint
4.66 ± 0.52
4.04 ± 0.71
0.59 (0.18, 0.99)
0.006††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
0.35 (0.06, 0.63)
−0.13 (−0.57, 0.32)
value
0.022
0.558
NLR
Baseline
2.01 ± 0.58
2.08 ± 0.52
−0.07 (−0.41, 0.26)
0.657†
Endpoint
1.68 ± 0.50
2.02 ± 0.54
−0.26 (−0.51, −0.01)
0.044††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
−0.28 (−0.43, −0.14)
−0.01 (−0.24, 0.22)
value
0.001
0.925
PLR
Baseline
112.41 ± 43.23
112.66 ± 30.98
−0.25 (−23.13, 22.63)
0.982†
Endpoint
102.51 ± 41.23
112.88 ± 34.81
−7.56 (−19.32, 4.20)
0.200††
Mean difference (CI 95%)
−6.91 (−14.26, 0.44)
1.84 (−7.48, 11.16)
value
0.064
0.685
Values are reported as mean ± SD or median (IQR) for quantitative data. Paired samples t-test;†independent samples t-test;#Mann–Whitney U test; Wilcoxon signed-rank test; ††ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values, calorie intake, and ∆weight; †††ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values, antilipid drug intake, calorie intake, and ∆weight. NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.
