Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extracts from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Flower and Cudrania tricuspidata Fruit Occur via Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Figure 2

Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Chrysanthemum zawadskii flowers. (a) Fresh and dried flowers of CZ were extracted using 99% ethanol (top panel) and percentage of yield extract (bottom panel) as indicated. (b) RAW 264.7 cells were treated with the indicated amount of extract with or without 0.1 μg/ml of LPS for 24 h. The expression levels of mRNAs were analyzed using RT-PCR. β-Actin was detected as a control. (c) RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with extract in the presence or absence of 0.1 μg/ml of LPS for 24 h. Intracellular ROS levels were measured by DCA-DA assay. (d) RAW 264.7 cells were treated with the indicated amount of extract for 24 h, and MTT assay was performed. Results are presented as a percentage of the untreated control. Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). vs. control. ^# vs. LPS treatment.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)