[Retracted] Effects of Early Weight-Bearing Treadmill Training Combined with Pre-Emptive Analgesia on Femoral Fracture Recovery

Figure 1

Experimental protocols, modeling process, and treadmill training facility. (a) All rats with internal fixation for femoral shaft fracture were assigned to group A, B, C, and D with 15 animals in each group. Animals in group A received PA and EWBTT, animals in group B experienced PA and DWBTT, those in group C received only PA without any treadmill training, and those in group D experienced only EWBTT without PA. Three rats out of each group were euthanized at day 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 after operation, respectively, and assessed with oblique plate test, DR image analysis, histological and immunohistochemical analysis, Western blot, and RT-PCR. SD, Sprague-Dawley; FSF, femoral shaft fracture; EWBTT, early weight-bearing treadmill training; DWBTT, delayed weight-bearing treadmill training; PA, pre-emptive analgesia; DR, digital radiography; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. (b) Modeling process of internal fixation for femoral shaft fracture. (c) Treadmill training facility.

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