Research Article
Exploring the Effects of Hope on GPA and Retention among College Undergraduate Students on Academic Probation
Table 1
Student hope and GPA levels prior to and after UNIV 01.
| | N | Beginning of semester GPA mean and standard deviation | End of semester GPA mean and standard deviation |
| Low hope (, SD = 5.24) | 70 | , | , | Medium hope (, SD = 1.57) | 81 | , | , | High hope (, SD = 2.99) | 82 | , | , |
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