Review Article

In Search of Alignment: A Review of Impact Studies in Entrepreneurship Education

Table 6

Snippet samples of evidence.

Sample 1Sample 2Sample 3Sample 4Sample 5

AuthorsGielnik et al.Rauch and HulsinkFretschner and WeberMorris et al.Fayolle et al.

Year20152015201320132005

JournalAMLEAMLEJSBMJSBMJEIT

Intervention typeTrainingProgramCourseProgramProgram

Time period12 weeks12 monthsSemester6 weeksOne day (9 hours)

CountryUgandaThe NetherlandsGermanySouth AfricaFrance

Methodological ApproachMixed methodsQuantitativeMixed methodsMixed methodsQuantitative

Data collection methodInterviews and questionnairesQuestionnaireMixed surveySurvey/questionnaireQuestionnaire

Unit of analysisNonbusiness studentsEntrepreneurship studentsBusiness studentsStudentsEngineering students

Sample size30474484020

Measure type (soft/hard)Soft/hardSoftSoftSoftSoft

Key findings/resultsTraining had a significant impact on business creation and business opportunity identification; training had significant effects on entrepreneurial goal intentions, action planning, action knowledge, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy.Entrepreneurship education had a positive effect on attitudes toward entrepreneurship, perceived behavioural control, and the intention to become an entrepreneur; the intention to become an entrepreneur affects entrepreneurial behaviour.Personal attitude heavily affects students’ decision for self-employment after the entrepreneurship awareness course, while perceived behavioural control is not a relevant predictor of start-up intentions; extrinsic motivation (financial success) displaces intrinsic motives (self-actualization) in an awareness education.Authors identified idiosyncratic competencies; they also developed measures to determine competency development; competencies can be enhanced based on exposure to an entrepreneurship program.In the short term, the program had a strong, measurable impact on the entrepreneurial intention of students; it also had a positive, but not very significant, impact on their perceived behavioural control.