Current Challenges in School Leadership in Estonia and Finland: A Multiple-Case Study among Exemplary Principals

Table 2

Categories of current challenges by the principal.

Themes of the categories	Raul, Tallinn, EST f	Kadri, Tartu, EST f	Jaakko, Helsinki, FIN f	Timo, Helsinki, FIN f	In total, EST/FIN f
Principals’ professional development	4	4	5	4	8/9
Curriculum development	4	10	8	10	14/16
Inclusive education	1	2	4	4
ICT	0	2	0	2
Assessment	0	3	2	1
Phenomenon-based learning	2	2	0	1
Learning environment	1	1	2	0
Learning community (LC) development:	12	13	13	4	26/17
Teacher collaboration	3	4	5	1
Cooperation with families	2	4	2	2
Students’ engagement	2	2	0	0
Well-being of LC members	3	3	3	0
Cooperation with external members	2	1	3	1
Total					48/42