Assessing the Effects of Gamification on Developing EFL Learners’ Idiomatic Knowledge: Do Attitudinal Factors Contribute to the Learning of the Idioms with the Game?

Table 5

Paired samples’ -test: comparing the idiom pre- and posttests of each group.

		Paired differences						Df	Sig. (2-tailed)
		Mean	Std. deviation	Std. error mean	95% confidence interval of the difference
					Lower	Upper
Pair 1	CG; pre/post	-.60	1.75	.35	-1.32	.12	-1.70	24	.10
Pair 2	EG pre/post	-2.40	2.06	.41	-3.25	-1.54	-5.82	24	.00