Research Article
Teachers’ Application of Multiple Intelligences Approach in Teaching Economics
| Dependent variable | (I) Teaching experience | (J) Teaching experience | Mean difference (I-J) | Std. error | Sig. |
| Linguistic intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | -.0846 | .17831 | .997 | 11-15 yrs | .1663 | .25228 | .986 | 16-20 yrs | .0532 | .21285 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.1849 | .28633 | .987 | 26 yrs and above | .5770 | .34447 | .552 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .0846 | .17831 | .997 | 11-15 yrs | .2509 | .27961 | .946 | 16-20 yrs | .1378 | .24463 | .993 | 21-25 yrs | -.1003 | .31067 | 1.000 | 26 yrs and above | .6617 | .36496 | .463 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.1663 | .25228 | .986 | 6-10 yrs | -.2509 | .27961 | .946 | 16-20 yrs | -.1131 | .30281 | .999 | 21-25 yrs | -.3512 | .35829 | .923 | 26 yrs and above | .4107 | .40626 | .913 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.0532 | .21285 | 1.000 | 6-10 yrs | -.1378 | .24463 | .993 | 11-15 yrs | .1131 | .30281 | .999 | 21-25 yrs | -.2381 | .33171 | .979 | 26 yrs and above | .5238 | .38303 | .746 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .1849 | .28633 | .987 | 6-10 yrs | .1003 | .31067 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | .3512 | .35829 | .923 | 16-20 yrs | .2381 | .33171 | .979 | 26 yrs and above | .7619 | .42824 | .484 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | -.5770 | .34447 | .552 | 6-10 yrs | -.6617 | .36496 | .463 | 11-15 yrs | -.4107 | .40626 | .913 | 16-20 yrs | -.5238 | .38303 | .746 | 21-25 yrs | -.7619 | .42824 | .484 |
| Logical-mathematical intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | -.0654 | .18849 | .999 | 11-15 yrs | .2224 | .26669 | .960 | 16-20 yrs | .1078 | .22501 | .997 | 21-25 yrs | -.8088 | .30268 | .091 | 26 yrs and above | .0037 | .36414 | 1.000 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .0654 | .18849 | .999 | 11-15 yrs | .2878 | .29557 | .925 | 16-20 yrs | .1732 | .25859 | .985 | 21-25 yrs | -.7434 | .32841 | .219 | 26 yrs and above | .0691 | .38580 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.2224 | .26669 | .960 | 6-10 yrs | -.2878 | .29557 | .925 | 16-20 yrs | -.1146 | .32010 | .999 | 21-25 yrs | -1.0313 | .37875 | .080 | 26 yrs and above | -.2188 | .42946 | .996 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.1078 | .22501 | .997 | 6-10 yrs | -.1732 | .25859 | .985 | 11-15 yrs | .1146 | .32010 | .999 | 21-25 yrs | -.9167 | .35065 | .104 | 26 yrs and above | -.1042 | .40490 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .8088 | .30268 | .091 | 6-10 yrs | .7434 | .32841 | .219 | 11-15 yrs | 1.0313 | .37875 | .080 | 16-20 yrs | .9167 | .35065 | .104 | 26 yrs and above | .8125 | .45269 | .474 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | -.0037 | .36414 | 1.000 | 6-10 yrs | -.0691 | .38580 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | .2188 | .42946 | .996 | 16-20 yrs | .1042 | .40490 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.8125 | .45269 | .474 |
| Spatial intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | .0160 | .18513 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | .2660 | .26194 | .912 | 16-20 yrs | .2206 | .22100 | .917 | 21-25 yrs | -.2870 | .29729 | .928 | 26 yrs and above | .6524 | .35766 | .456 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.0160 | .18513 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | .2500 | .29031 | .955 | 16-20 yrs | .2045 | .25399 | .966 | 21-25 yrs | -.3030 | .32256 | .935 | 26 yrs and above | .6364 | .37893 | .549 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.2660 | .26194 | .912 | 6-10 yrs | -.2500 | .29031 | .955 | 16-20 yrs | -.0455 | .31440 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.5530 | .37200 | .674 | 26 yrs and above | .3864 | .42181 | .942 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.2206 | .22100 | .917 | 6-10 yrs | -.2045 | .25399 | .966 | 11-15 yrs | .0455 | .31440 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.5076 | .34440 | .682 | 26 yrs and above | .4318 | .39768 | .886 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .2870 | .29729 | .928 | 6-10 yrs | .3030 | .32256 | .935 | 11-15 yrs | .5530 | .37200 | .674 | 16-20 yrs | .5076 | .34440 | .682 | 26 yrs and above | .9394 | .44462 | .290 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | -.6524 | .35766 | .456 | 6-10 yrs | -.6364 | .37893 | .549 | 11-15 yrs | -.3864 | .42181 | .942 | 16-20 yrs | -.4318 | .39768 | .886 | 21-25 yrs | -.9394 | .44462 | .290 |
| Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | -.0425 | .19988 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | .0252 | .28280 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | -.5581 | .23861 | .189 | 21-25 yrs | -.4510 | .32097 | .724 | 26 yrs and above | .9538 | .38615 | .144 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .0425 | .19988 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | .0677 | .31343 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | -.5157 | .27422 | .421 | 21-25 yrs | -.4085 | .34826 | .849 | 26 yrs and above | .9962 | .40911 | .155 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.0252 | .28280 | 1.000 | 6-10 yrs | -.0677 | .31343 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | -.5833 | .33944 | .523 | 21-25 yrs | -.4762 | .40163 | .843 | 26 yrs and above | .9286 | .45541 | .329 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .5581 | .23861 | .189 | 6-10 yrs | .5157 | .27422 | .421 | 11-15 yrs | .5833 | .33944 | .523 | 21-25 yrs | .1071 | .37184 | 1.000 | 26 yrs and above | 1.5119 | .42936 | .008 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .4510 | .32097 | .724 | 6-10 yrs | .4085 | .34826 | .849 | 11-15 yrs | .4762 | .40163 | .843 | 16-20 yrs | -.1071 | .37184 | 1.000 | 26 yrs and above | 1.4048 | .48004 | .048 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | -.9538 | .38615 | .144 | 6-10 yrs | -.9962 | .40911 | .155 | 11-15 yrs | -.9286 | .45541 | .329 | 16-20 yrs | -1.5119 | .42936 | .008 | 21-25 yrs | -1.4048 | .48004 | .048 |
| Musical intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | .2590 | .22757 | .864 | 11-15 yrs | .6525 | .32197 | .335 | 16-20 yrs | -.1559 | .27166 | .993 | 21-25 yrs | -.1059 | .36543 | 1.000 | 26 yrs and above | .9275 | .43964 | .291 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.2590 | .22757 | .864 | 11-15 yrs | .3934 | .35685 | .879 | 16-20 yrs | -.4149 | .31220 | .768 | 21-25 yrs | -.3649 | .39650 | .940 | 26 yrs and above | .6684 | .46578 | .706 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.6525 | .32197 | .335 | 6-10 yrs | -.3934 | .35685 | .879 | 16-20 yrs | -.8083 | .38646 | .301 | 21-25 yrs | -.7583 | .45727 | .562 | 26 yrs and above | .2750 | .51849 | .995 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .1559 | .27166 | .993 | 6-10 yrs | .4149 | .31220 | .768 | 11-15 yrs | .8083 | .38646 | .301 | 21-25 yrs | .0500 | .42335 | 1.000 | 26 yrs and above | 1.0833 | .48884 | .240 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .1059 | .36543 | 1.000 | 6-10 yrs | .3649 | .39650 | .940 | 11-15 yrs | .7583 | .45727 | .562 | 16-20 yrs | -.0500 | .42335 | 1.000 | 26 yrs and above | 1.0333 | .54654 | .414 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | -.9275 | .43964 | .291 | 6-10 yrs | -.6684 | .46578 | .706 | 11-15 yrs | -.2750 | .51849 | .995 | 16-20 yrs | -1.0833 | .48884 | .240 | 21-25 yrs | -1.0333 | .54654 | .414 |
| Interpersonal intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | -.0893 | .19165 | .997 | 11-15 yrs | -.0754 | .27115 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | -.0338 | .22878 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.2745 | .30775 | .948 | 26 yrs and above | .4662 | .37024 | .806 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .0893 | .19165 | .997 | 11-15 yrs | .0139 | .30052 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | .0556 | .26293 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.1852 | .33392 | .994 | 26 yrs and above | .5556 | .39226 | .717 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .0754 | .27115 | 1.000 | 6-10 yrs | -.0139 | .30052 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | .0417 | .32546 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.1991 | .38509 | .995 | 26 yrs and above | .5417 | .43665 | .816 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .0338 | .22878 | 1.000 | 6-10 yrs | -.0556 | .26293 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | -.0417 | .32546 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.2407 | .35652 | .984 | 26 yrs and above | .5000 | .41168 | .829 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .2745 | .30775 | .948 | 6-10 yrs | .1852 | .33392 | .994 | 11-15 yrs | .1991 | .38509 | .995 | 16-20 yrs | .2407 | .35652 | .984 | 26 yrs and above | .7407 | .46027 | .595 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | -.4662 | .37024 | .806 | 6-10 yrs | -.5556 | .39226 | .717 | 11-15 yrs | -.5417 | .43665 | .816 | 16-20 yrs | -.5000 | .41168 | .829 | 21-25 yrs | -.7407 | .46027 | .595 |
| Intrapersonal intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | .0135 | .17282 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | -.1369 | .24451 | .993 | 16-20 yrs | .0870 | .20630 | .998 | 21-25 yrs | -.5172 | .27751 | .431 | 26 yrs and above | .2537 | .33386 | .973 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.0135 | .17282 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | -.1505 | .27100 | .994 | 16-20 yrs | .0735 | .23709 | 1.000 | 21-25 yrs | -.5307 | .30111 | .495 | 26 yrs and above | .2401 | .35372 | .984 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .1369 | .24451 | .993 | 6-10 yrs | .1505 | .27100 | .994 | 16-20 yrs | .2240 | .29348 | .973 | 21-25 yrs | -.3802 | .34725 | .882 | 26 yrs and above | .3906 | .39375 | .919 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.0870 | .20630 | .998 | 6-10 yrs | -.0735 | .23709 | 1.000 | 11-15 yrs | -.2240 | .29348 | .973 | 21-25 yrs | -.6042 | .32149 | .421 | 26 yrs and above | .1667 | .37123 | .998 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .5172 | .27751 | .431 | 6-10 yrs | .5307 | .30111 | .495 | 11-15 yrs | .3802 | .34725 | .882 | 16-20 yrs | .6042 | .32149 | .421 | 26 yrs and above | .7708 | .41505 | .435 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | -.2537 | .33386 | .973 | 6-10 yrs | -.2401 | .35372 | .984 | 11-15 yrs | -.3906 | .39375 | .919 | 16-20 yrs | -.1667 | .37123 | .998 | 21-25 yrs | -.7708 | .41505 | .435 |
| Naturalistic intelligence | 0-5 yrs | 6-10 yrs | .2301 | .21122 | .884 | 11-15 yrs | -.1471 | .29885 | .996 | 16-20 yrs | -.3971 | .25214 | .617 | 21-25 yrs | -.6471 | .33918 | .404 | 26 yrs and above | -.1471 | .40806 | .999 | 6-10 yrs | 0-5 yrs | -.2301 | .21122 | .884 | 11-15 yrs | -.3772 | .33122 | .864 | 16-20 yrs | -.6272 | .28978 | .264 | 21-25 yrs | -.8772 | .36802 | .173 | 26 yrs and above | -.3772 | .43233 | .952 | 11-15 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .1471 | .29885 | .996 | 6-10 yrs | .3772 | .33122 | .864 | 16-20 yrs | -.2500 | .35870 | .982 | 21-25 yrs | -.5000 | .42442 | .846 | 26 yrs and above | .0000 | .48125 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .3971 | .25214 | .617 | 6-10 yrs | .6272 | .28978 | .264 | 11-15 yrs | .2500 | .35870 | .982 | 21-25 yrs | -.2500 | .39294 | .988 | 26 yrs and above | .2500 | .45373 | .994 | 21-25 yrs | 0-5 yrs | .6471 | .33918 | .404 | 6-10 yrs | .8772 | .36802 | .173 | 11-15 yrs | .5000 | .42442 | .846 | 16-20 yrs | .2500 | .39294 | .988 | 26 yrs and above | .5000 | .50728 | .921 | 26 yrs and above | 0-5 yrs | .1471 | .40806 | .999 | 6-10 yrs | .3772 | .43233 | .952 | 11-15 yrs | .0000 | .48125 | 1.000 | 16-20 yrs | -.2500 | .45373 | .994 | 21-25 yrs | -.5000 | .50728 | .921 |
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Source: Fieldwork (2021) Significance at .05 level.
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