The Effects of Processing Instruction and Output-Based Activities on Grammar Learning: The Mediating Role of Working Memory

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">WM</td><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Mean</td><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Std. error</td><td class="align_center" colspan="2">95% confidence interval</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Lower bound</td><td class="align_center">Upper bound</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Low-span</td><td class="align_center">6.94</td><td class="align_center">0.23</td><td class="align_center">6.48</td><td class="align_center">7.40</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">High-span</td><td class="align_center">8.29</td><td class="align_center">0.19</td><td class="align_center">7.90</td><td class="align_center">8.69</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Education Research International

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Table 5

Table 5: The Effects of Processing Instruction and Output-Based Activities on Grammar Learning: The Mediating Role of Working Memory 