Research Article
The Effects of Processing Instruction and Output-Based Activities on Grammar Learning: The Mediating Role of Working Memory
| Group | Mean | Std. error | 95% confidence interval | Lower bound | Upper bound |
| PI | 9.47 | 0.26 | 8.94 | 10.00 | Output | 8.69 | 0.26 | 8.17 | 9.21 | Control | 4.69 | 0.26 | 4.16 | 5.22 |
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