The Effects of Processing Instruction and Output-Based Activities on Grammar Learning: The Mediating Role of Working Memory

Table 8

Pairwise comparisons.

(I) Group	(J) Group	Mean difference (I–J)	Std. error	Sig.	95% confidence interval for difference
					Lower bound	Upper bound
PI	Output	0.78	0.37	0.12	−0.14	1.70
	Control	4.78	0.38	0.00	3.85	5.70
Output	PI	−0.78	0.37	0.12	−1.70	0.14
	Control	4.00	0.37	0.00	3.09	4.91
Control	PI	−4.78	0.38	0.00	−5.70	−3.85
	Output	−4.00	0.37	0.00	−4.91	−3.09